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Automated Program Repair (APR) uses various tools and techniques to help developers achieve functional and error-free code faster. In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity as components in APR tool chains because…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Roman Macháček , Anastasiia Grishina , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Automated generation of feedback on programming assignments holds significant benefits for programming education, especially when it comes to advanced assignments. Automated Program Repair techniques, especially Large Language Model based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Qianhui Zhao , Fang Liu , Li Zhang , Yang Liu , Zhen Yan , Zhenghao Chen , Yufei Zhou , Jing Jiang , Ge Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved decent results on automated program repair (APR). However, the next token prediction training objective of decoder-only LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) is misaligned with the masked span prediction objective of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Junjielong Xu , Ying Fu , Shin Hwei Tan , Pinjia He

During Automated Program Repair (APR), it can be challenging to synthesize correct patches for real-world systems in general-purpose programming languages. Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be helpful "copilots" in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yuxiang Wei , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to help developers automatically patch software bugs. However, current state-of-the-art traditional and learning-based APR techniques face the problem of limited patch variety, failing to fix complicated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuxiang Wei , Lingming Zhang

Recent advances in leveraging LLMs for APR have demonstrated impressive capabilities in fixing software defects. However, current LLM-based approaches predominantly focus on mainstream programming languages like Java and Python, neglecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenqiang Luo , Jacky Wai Keung , Boyang Yang , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Haoye Tian , Bach Le

Automated Program Repair (APR) struggles with complex logic errors and silent failures. Current LLM-based APR methods are mostly static, relying on source code and basic test outputs, which fail to accurately capture complex runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiaqing Wu , Tong Wu , Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Bo Shen

Bug fixing and code generation have been core research topics in software development for many years. The recent explosive growth in Large Language Models has completely transformed these spaces, putting in reach incredibly powerful tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Avinash Anand , Akshit Gupta , Nishchay Yadav , Shaurya Bajaj

Automated program repair (APR) struggles to scale from isolated functions to full repositories, as it demands a global, task-aware understanding to locate necessary changes. Current methods, limited by context and reliant on shallow…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhongqiang Pan , Chuanyi Li , Wenkang Zhong , Yi Feng , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong program repair performance but often suffer from over-editing, where excessive modifications overwrite correct code and hinder bug localization. We systematically quantify its impact and introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changxin Ke , Rui Zhang , Jiaming Guo , Yuanbo Wen , Li Ding , Shuo Wang , Xuyuan Zhu , Xiong Peng , Di Huang , Zidong Du , Xing Hu , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

With the development of large language models (LLMs) in the field of programming, intelligent programming coaching systems have gained widespread attention. However, most research focuses on repairing the buggy code of programming learners…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenlong Dai , Zhuoluo Zhao , Hengning Wang , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao , Zhipeng Gao , Jingyuan Chen

APR (Automated Program Repair) aims to automatically locate program defects, generate patches and validate the repairs. Existing techniques for APR are often combined with LLMs (Large Language Models), which leverages the code-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haichuan Hu , Xiaochen Xie , Quanjun Zhang

[...] Since then, various APR approaches, especially those leveraging the power of large language models (LLMs), have been rapidly developed to fix general software bugs. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these advanced techniques in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Anh Ho , Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Christine Rizkallah

Automated program repair (APR) aims to help developers improve software reliability by generating patches for buggy programs. Although many code language models (CLM) are developed and effective in many software tasks such as code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Nan Jiang , Kevin Liu , Thibaud Lutellier , Lin Tan

Context: Learning-based automatic program repair techniques are showing promise to provide quality fix suggestions for detected bugs in the source code of the software. These tools mostly exploit historical data of buggy and fixed code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Faria Huq , Masum Hasan , Mahim Anzum Haque Pantho , Sazan Mahbub , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed

Research shows that errors in natural language can be corrected by translating texts to another language and back using language models. We explore to what extent this latent correction capability extends to Automated Program Repair (APR)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Anastasiia Grishina , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Automatic program repair (APR) techniques have the potential to reduce manual efforts in uncovering and repairing program defects during the code review (CR) process. However, the limited accuracy and considerable time costs associated with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Zelin Zhao , Zhaogui Xu , Jialong Zhu , Peng Di , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma

Large language models such as Codex, have shown the capability to produce code for many programming tasks. However, the success rate of existing models is low, especially for complex programming tasks. One of the reasons is that language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Zhiyu Fan , Xiang Gao , Martin Mirchev , Abhik Roychoudhury , Shin Hwei Tan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated the development of AI-driven automated program repair (APR) solutions. However, these solutions are typically evaluated using static benchmarks such as Defects4J and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yinghang Ma , Jiho Shin , Leuson Da Silva , Zhen Ming , Jiang , Song Wang , Foutse Khomh , Shin Hwei Tan

Code repair is a fundamental task in software development, facilitating efficient bug resolution and software maintenance. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable potential in automated code repair, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dekun Dai , MingWei Liu , Anji Li , Jialun Cao , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng