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Alignment faking (AF) refers to a model strategically complying with a training objective to avoid behavioural modification while preserving its deployment preferences. Understanding when and why AF arises matters as models grow better at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Nathaniel Mitrani Hadida , Rhea Karty , David Williams-King , Alan Cooney

Alignment faking (AF) occurs when an LLM strategically complies with training objectives to avoid value modification, reverting to prior preferences once monitoring is lifted. Current detection methods focus on conversational settings and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Matteo Leonesi , Francesco Belardinelli , Flavio Corradini , Marco Piangerelli

This report examines whether advanced AIs that perform well in training will be doing so in order to gain power later -- a behavior I call "scheming" (also sometimes called "deceptive alignment"). I conclude that scheming is a disturbingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Joe Carlsmith

Like a criminal under investigation, Large Language Models (LLMs) might pretend to be aligned while evaluated and misbehave when they have a good opportunity. Can current interpretability methods catch these 'alignment fakers?' To answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joshua Clymer , Caden Juang , Severin Field

Alignment faking, where a model behaves aligned with developer policy when monitored but reverts to its own preferences when unobserved, is a concerning yet poorly understood phenomenon, in part because current diagnostic tools remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Inderjeet Nair , Jie Ruan , Lu Wang

Current literature suggests that alignment faking (deceptive alignment) is an emergent property of large language models. We present the first empirical evidence that a small instruction-tuned model, specifically LLaMA 3 8B, can exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jeanice Koorndijk

We present a demonstration of a large language model engaging in alignment faking: selectively complying with its training objective in training to prevent modification of its behavior out of training. First, we give Claude 3 Opus a system…

The field of AI alignment aims to steer AI systems toward human goals, preferences, and ethical principles. Its contributions have been instrumental for improving the output quality, safety, and trustworthiness of today's AI models. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Robert West , Roland Aydin

Post-training alignment optimizes language models to match human preference signals, but this objective is not equivalent to modeling observed human behavior. We compare 120 base-aligned model pairs on more than 10,000 real human decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eilam Shapira , Moshe Tennenholtz , Roi Reichart

It has recently been argued that AI models' representations are becoming aligned as their scale and performance increase. Empirical analyses have been designed to support this idea and conjecture the possible alignment of different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Francesco Insulla , Shuo Huang , Lorenzo Rosasco

AI model alignment is crucial due to inadvertent biases in training data and the underspecified machine learning pipeline, where models with excellent test metrics may not meet end-user requirements. While post-training alignment via human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 William Overman , Jacqueline Jil Vallon , Mohsen Bayati

As the capabilities of large machine learning models continue to grow, and as the autonomy afforded to such models continues to expand, the spectre of a new adversary looms: the models themselves. The threat that a model might behave in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Andres Carranza , Dhruv Pai , Rylan Schaeffer , Arnuv Tandon , Sanmi Koyejo

The growing awareness of safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) has sparked considerable interest in the evaluation of safety. This study investigates an under-explored issue about the evaluation of LLMs, namely the substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yixu Wang , Yan Teng , Kexin Huang , Chengqi Lyu , Songyang Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

Safety evaluation for advanced AI systems assumes that behavior observed under evaluation predicts behavior in deployment. This assumption weakens for agents with situational awareness, which may exploit regime leakage, cues distinguishing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Igor Santos-Grueiro

AI alignment research aims to develop techniques to ensure that AI systems do not cause harm. However, every alignment technique has failure modes, which are conditions in which there is a non-negligible chance that the technique fails to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Leonard Dung , Florian Mai

Alignment faking in large language models presented a demonstration of Claude 3 Opus and Claude 3.5 Sonnet selectively complying with a helpful-only training objective to prevent modification of their behavior outside of training. We expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Abhay Sheshadri , John Hughes , Julian Michael , Alex Mallen , Arun Jose , Janus , Fabien Roger

Social alignment in AI systems aims to ensure that these models behave according to established societal values. However, unlike humans, who derive consensus on value judgments through social interaction, current language models (LMs) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ruibo Liu , Ruixin Yang , Chenyan Jia , Ge Zhang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai , Diyi Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

Alignment is a social phenomenon wherein individuals share a common goal or perspective. Mirroring, or mimicking the behaviors and opinions of another individual, is one mechanism by which individuals can become aligned. Large scale…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Harvey McGuinness , Tianyu Wang , Carey E. Priebe , Hayden Helm

Artificial and biological systems may evolve similar computational solutions despite fundamental differences in architecture and learning mechanisms -- a form of convergent evolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon through large-scale…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Pretraining corpora contain extensive discourse about AI systems, yet the causal influence of this discourse on downstream alignment remains poorly understood. If prevailing descriptions of AI behaviour are predominantly negative, LLMs may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Cameron Tice , Puria Radmard , Samuel Ratnam , Andy Kim , David Africa , Kyle O'Brien
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