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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are designed to enhance the efficiency of large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increasing the computational demands. However, their deployment on edge devices still faces significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Shuzhang Zhong , Ling Liang , Yuan Wang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Multi-modal Large Langue Models (MLLMs) often process thousands of visual tokens, which consume a significant portion of the context window and impose a substantial computational burden. Prior work has empirically explored visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dingchen Yang , Bowen Cao , Anran Zhang , Weibo Gu , Winston Hu , Guang Chen

Scaling large language models (LLMs) improves performance but significantly increases inference costs, with feed-forward networks (FFNs) consuming the majority of computational resources. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Lancheng Zou , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of AI, driving progress across diverse domains such as content creation, search and recommendation systems, and AI-assisted workflows. To alleviate extreme training costs and advancing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hanfei Yu , Bei Ouyang , Shwai He , Ang Li , Hao Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong performance across visual tasks, but their efficiency is hindered by significant computational and memory demands from processing long contexts in multimodal inputs. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yingen Liu , Fan Wu , Ruihui Li , Zhuo Tang , Kenli Li

We present DeepSeek-VL2, an advanced series of large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Vision-Language Models that significantly improves upon its predecessor, DeepSeek-VL, through two key major upgrades. For the vision component, we incorporate a…

The emergence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs has significantly advanced the development of language models. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs outperform traditional LLMs by achieving higher performance with considerably fewer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Cheng Yang , Yang Sui , Jinqi Xiao , Lingyi Huang , Yu Gong , Yuanlin Duan , Wenqi Jia , Miao Yin , Yu Cheng , Bo Yuan

Combining existing pre-trained expert LLMs is a promising avenue for scalably tackling large-scale and diverse tasks. However, selecting task-level experts is often too coarse-grained, as heterogeneous tasks may require different expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Sukwon Yun , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Tianlong Chen , Mohit Bansal

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of multi-modal LLMs that exhibit strong comprehension of visual data such as images and videos. However, these models usually rely on extensive visual tokens from visual encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yiwu Zhong , Zhuoming Liu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Visual token compression is critical for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to efficiently process high-resolution inputs. Existing methods that typically adopt fixed compression ratios cannot adapt to scenes of varying complexity, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Quan-Sheng Zeng , Yunheng Li , Qilong Wang , Peng-Tao Jiang , Zuxuan Wu , Ming-Ming Cheng , Qibin Hou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown strong potential in scaling language models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. However, their widespread deployment remains limited due to the high memory overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yushu Zhao , Zheng Wang , Minjia Zhang

Recent large language models such as Gemini-1.5, DeepSeek-V3, and Llama-4 increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which offer strong efficiency-performance trade-offs by activating only a fraction of the model per token.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Kang , Zichun Yu , Chenyan Xiong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling neural networks while maintaining computational efficiency. However, standard MoE implementations rely on two rigid design assumptions: (1) fixed Top-K…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gökdeniz Gülmez

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture in large language models (LLMs) due to its ability to scale model capacity via sparse expert activation. Meanwhile, serverless computing, with its elasticity and pay-per-use…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wentao Liu , Yuhao Hu , Ruiting Zhou , Baochun Li , Ne Wang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have expanded reasoning capabilities into 3D domains, enabling fine-grained spatial understanding. However, the substantial size of 3D MLLMs and the high dimensionality of input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhui Lin , Siyue Yu , Yuxing Yang , Guangliang Cheng , Jimin Xiao

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

The promising applications of large language models are often limited by the constrained GPU memory capacity available on edge devices. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models help address this issue by activating only a subset of the model's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaoniu Song , Zihang Zhong , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural architecture design that can be utilized to add learnable parameters to Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing inference cost. Instruction tuning is a technique for training LLMs to…

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