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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Recently, there has been considerable attention towards leveraging large language models (LLMs) to enhance decision-making processes. However, aligning the natural language text instructions generated by LLMs with the vectorized operations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jinyi Liu , Yifu Yuan , Jianye Hao , Fei Ni , Lingzhi Fu , Yibin Chen , Yan Zheng

Natural language is often the easiest and most convenient modality for humans to specify tasks for robots. However, learning to ground language to behavior typically requires impractical amounts of diverse, language-annotated demonstrations…

Designing reward functions is a challenging problem in AI and robotics. Humans usually have a difficult time directly specifying all the desirable behaviors that a robot needs to optimize. One common approach is to learn reward functions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Erdem Bıyık , Nicolas Huynh , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Dorsa Sadigh

When humans design cost or goal specifications for robots, they often produce specifications that are ambiguous, underspecified, or beyond planners' ability to solve. In these cases, corrections provide a valuable tool for human-in-the-loop…

Preference learning has long been studied in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) in order to adapt robot behavior to specific user needs and desires. Typically, human preferences are modeled as a scalar function; however, such a formulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Austin Narcomey , Nathan Tsoi , Ruta Desai , Marynel Vázquez

As humans, we often rely on language to learn language. For example, when corrected in a conversation, we may learn from that correction, over time improving our language fluency. Inspired by this observation, we propose a learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Igor Labutov , Bishan Yang , Tom Mitchell

Self-paced reinforcement learning (RL) aims to improve the data efficiency of learning by automatically creating sequences, namely curricula, of probability distributions over contexts. However, existing techniques for self-paced RL fail in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Cevahir Koprulu , Ufuk Topcu

Retrieval-augmented language models have demonstrated performance comparable to much larger models while requiring fewer computational resources. The effectiveness of these models crucially depends on the overlap between query and retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Marco Kuhlmann

We explore unconstrained natural language feedback as a learning signal for artificial agents. Humans use rich and varied language to teach, yet most prior work on interactive learning from language assumes a particular form of input (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Theodore R. Sumers , Mark K. Ho , Robert D. Hawkins , Karthik Narasimhan , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) are discovered to suffer from accurately retrieving key information. To address this, we propose Mask-Enhanced Autoregressive Prediction (MEAP), a simple yet effective training paradigm that seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xialie Zhuang , Zhikai Jia , Jianjin Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Li Shen , Zheng Cao , Shiwei Liu

Procedure planning requires a model to predict a sequence of actions that transform a start visual observation into a goal in instructional videos. While most existing methods rely primarily on visual observations as input, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lei Shi , Victor Aregbede , Andreas Persson , Martin Längkvist , Amy Loutfi , Stephanie Lowry

We focus on learning the desired objective function for a robot. Although trajectory demonstrations can be very informative of the desired objective, they can also be difficult for users to provide. Answers to comparison queries, asking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Chandrayee Basu , Mukesh Singhal , Anca D. Dragan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Autonomous parking (AP) represents a critical yet complex subset of intelligent vehicle automation, characterized by tight spatial constraints, frequent close-range obstacle interactions, and stringent safety margins. However, conventional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ahmad Suleman , Misha Urooj Khan , Zeeshan Kaleem , Ali H. Alenezi , Iqra Shabbir , Sinem Coleri , Chau Yuen

Recent self-rewarding large language models (LLM) have successfully applied LLM-as-a-Judge to iteratively improve the alignment performance without the need of human annotations for preference data. These methods commonly utilize the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhaoyang Wang , Weilei He , Zhiyuan Liang , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Ying Wei , Weitong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

We introduce a new benchmark, LLF-Bench (Learning from Language Feedback Benchmark; pronounced as "elf-bench"), to evaluate the ability of AI agents to interactively learn from natural language feedback and instructions. Learning from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Dipendra Misra , Allen Nie , Adith Swaminathan

Robotic manipulation benefits from foundation models that describe goals, but today's agents still lack a principled way to learn from their own mistakes. We ask whether natural language can serve as feedback, an error-reasoning signal that…

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have shown strong performance in complex domains such as Atari games, but are often highly sample inefficient. A common approach to reduce interaction time with the environment is to use reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Prasoon Goyal , Scott Niekum , Raymond J. Mooney

Comprehension of spoken natural language is an essential component for robots to communicate with human effectively. However, handling unconstrained spoken instructions is challenging due to (1) complex structures including a wide variety…

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