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Tensor Network (TN) Kernel Machines speed up model learning by representing parameters as low-rank TNs, reducing computation and memory use. However, most TN-based Kernel methods are deterministic and ignore parameter uncertainty. Further,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-16 Afra Kilic , Kim Batselier

Data selection plays a crucial role in data-driven decision-making, including in large language models (LLMs), and is typically task-dependent. Properties such as data quality and diversity have been extensively studied and are known to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuqing Wang , Shangding Gu

Large-scale models rely heavily on 3D parallelism for distributed training, which utilizes tensor parallelism (TP) as the intra-operator parallelism to partition model states across GPUs. However, TP introduces significant communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ding Tang , Lijuan Jiang , Jiecheng Zhou , Minxi Jin , Hengjie Li , Xingcheng Zhang , Zhilin Pei , Jidong Zhai

Since the inception of Large Language Models (LLMs), the quest to efficiently train them for superior reasoning capabilities has been a pivotal challenge. The dominant training paradigm for LLMs is based on next token prediction (NTP).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Pengxiao Lin , Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices faces critical bottlenecks in memory bandwidth and power consumption. While ternary quantization (e.g., BitNet b1.58) significantly reduces model size, its direct…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zi-Wei Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches often rely on heuristic strategies for parallel sampling, lacking a principled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Youkang Wang , Jian Wang , Rubing Chen , Xiao-Yong Wei

Large Language Model (LLM) inference services demand exceptionally high availability and low latency, yet multi-GPU Tensor Parallelism (TP) makes them vulnerable to single-GPU failures. We present AnchorTP, a state-preserving elastic TP…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wendong Xu , Chujie Chen , He Xiao , Kuan Li , Jing Xiong , Chen Zhang , Wenyong Zhou , Chaofan Tao , Yang Bai , Bei Yu , Ngai Wong

We propose a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to guide the rank selection in tensor network models for higher-order data analysis. By utilising the intrinsic reasoning capabilities and domain knowledge of LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Giorgos Iacovides , Wuyang Zhou , Danilo Mandic

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for natural language understanding and text generation. An LLM model relies on a time-consuming step called LLM decoding to generate output tokens. Several prior works focus on improving the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yintao He , Haiyu Mao , Christina Giannoula , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Juan Gómez-Luna , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li , Ying Wang , Onur Mutlu

Long context training is crucial for LLM's context extension. Existing schemes, such as sequence parallelism, incur substantial communication overhead. Pipeline parallelism (PP) reduces this cost, but its effectiveness hinges on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shiju Wang , Yujie Wang , Ao Sun , Fangcheng Fu , Zijian Zhu , Bin Cui , Xu Han , Kaisheng Ma

Large language models (LLMs) demand considerable computational, energy, and financial resources during both training and deployment. While scaling laws for training have guided much of the field's recent progress, inference costs now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Austin R. Ellis-Mohr , Anuj K. Nayak , Lav R. Varshney

Speech generation models based on large language models (LLMs) typically operate on discrete acoustic codes, which differ fundamentally from text tokens due to their multicodebook structure. At each timestep, models must predict N codebook…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Roy Fejgin , Paarth Neekhara , Xuesong Yang , Edresson Casanova , Ryan Langman , Jaehyeon Kim , Subhankar Ghosh , Shehzeen Hussain , Jason Li

Embedding layers in transformer-based NLP models typically account for the largest share of model parameters, scaling with vocabulary size but not yielding performance gains proportional to scale. We propose an alternative approach in which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Henry Ndubuaku , Mouad Talhi

Using logical clauses to represent patterns, Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have recently obtained competitive performance in terms of accuracy, memory footprint, energy, and learning speed on several benchmarks. Each TM clause votes for or against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-10 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Bimal Bhattarai , Morten Goodwin , Saeed Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rupsa Saha , Rohan K. Yadav

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is widely used to analyze overparametrized neural networks due to the famous result by Jacot et al. (2018): in the infinite-width limit, the NTK is deterministic and constant during training. However, this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have been driven by test-time compute scaling - a strategy that improves reasoning by generating longer, sequential thought processes. While effective, this approach encounters a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hao Wen , Yifan Su , Feifei Zhang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

A prominent achievement of natural language processing (NLP) is its ability to understand and generate meaningful human language. This capability relies on complex feedforward transformer block architectures pre-trained on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ronit D. Gross , Yarden Tzach , Tal Halevi , Ella Koresh , Ido Kanter

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with deep test-time memorization modules, such as Titans and TTT, represent a promising, linearly-scaling paradigm distinct from Transformers. While these expressive models do not yet match the peak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zeman Li , Ali Behrouz , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Praneeth Kacham , Mahdi Karami , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

Large language models (LLMs) perform remarkably well on tabular datasets in zero- and few-shot settings, since they can extract meaning from natural language column headers that describe features and labels. Similarly, TabPFN, a recent…

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