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Early research into data poisoning attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrated the ease with which backdoors could be injected. More recent LLMs add step-by-step reasoning, expanding the attack surface to include the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hanna Foerster , Ilia Shumailov , Yiren Zhao , Harsh Chaudhari , Jamie Hayes , Robert Mullins , Yarin Gal

Recent advances in instruction-following large language models (LLMs) have led to dramatic improvements in a range of NLP tasks. Unfortunately, we find that the same improved capabilities amplify the dual-use risks for malicious purposes of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Daniel Kang , Xuechen Li , Ion Stoica , Carlos Guestrin , Matei Zaharia , Tatsunori Hashimoto

The rapid advancement of chat-based language models has led to remarkable progress in complex task-solving. However, their success heavily relies on human input to guide the conversation, which can be challenging and time-consuming. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Guohao Li , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Hani Itani , Dmitrii Khizbullin , Bernard Ghanem

Complex tasks are increasingly delegated to ensembles of specialized LLM-based agents that reason, communicate, and coordinate actions-both among themselves and through interactions with external tools, APIs, and databases. While persistent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Ange Lou , Yuying Zhao , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Due to their unprecedented ability to process and respond to various types of data, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). As these advanced generative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Raha Moraffah , Yifan Li , Yu Kong , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Full-duplex spoken dialogue requires a model to keep listening while generating its own spoken response. This is challenging for large language models (LLMs), which are designed to extend a single coherent sequence and do not naturally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hui Lu , Xueyuan Chen , Huimeng Wang , Shuhai Peng , Shiyin Kang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu

Memory makes LLM-based web agents personalized, powerful, yet exploitable. By storing past interactions to personalize future tasks, agents inadvertently create a persistent attack surface that spans websites and sessions. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wei Zou , Mingwen Dong , Miguel Romero Calvo , Shuaichen Chang , Jiang Guo , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Xiaofei Ma , Yanjun Qi , Jiarong Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way people interact with technology. Tools like ChatGPT and Claude AI are now common in business, research, and everyday life. But with that growth comes new risks, especially prompt-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Austin Howard

Due to strong capabilities in conducting fluent, multi-turn conversations with users, Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to further improve the performance of Conversational Recommender System (CRS). Unlike the aimless…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jiabao Fang , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Xiuying Chen , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Multi-agent systems using large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains. However, current agent communication suffers from verbose output that overload context and increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danqing Wang , Da Yin , Ruta Desai , Lei Li , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ansong Ni

We present MUG, a novel interactive task for multimodal grounding where a user and an agent work collaboratively on an interface screen. Prior works modeled multimodal UI grounding in one round: the user gives a command and the agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tao Li , Gang Li , Jingjie Zheng , Purple Wang , Yang Li

With the prosperity of large language models (LLMs), powerful LLM-based intelligent agents have been developed to provide customized services with a set of user-defined tools. State-of-the-art methods for constructing LLM agents adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yifei Wang , Dizhan Xue , Shengjie Zhang , Shengsheng Qian

Large language models (LLMs), due to their advanced natural language capabilities, have seen significant success in applications where the user interface is usually a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agent and engages the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Fei Wei , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

In the era of rapid generative AI development, interactions with large language models (LLMs) pose increasing risks of misuse. Prior research has primarily focused on attacks using template-based prompts and optimization-oriented methods,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenhan Chang , Tianqing Zhu , Yu Zhao , Shuangyong Song , Ping Xiong , Wanlei Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to red teaming attacks, which can induce LLMs to generate harmful content. Previous research constructs attack prompts via manual or automatic methods, which have their own limitations on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yang Deng , Qifan Wang , Xiangnan He

Large language model (LLM) agents execute tasks through multi-step workflows that combine planning, memory, and tool use. While this design enables autonomy, it also expands the attack surface for backdoor threats. Backdoor triggers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yunhao Feng , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Yingshui Tan , Yanming Guo , Yifan Ding , Kun Zhai , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

While integrating tools like Code Interpreter and Search has significantly enhanced Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning in models like ChatGPT Agent and Gemini-Pro, practical guidance on optimal tool use is lacking. The core challenge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yongchao Chen , Jiefeng Chen , Rui Meng , Ji Yin , Na Li , Chuchu Fan , Chi Wang , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD), leveraging collaborative interactions among Large Language Models (LLMs), aim to enhance reasoning capabilities in complex tasks. However, the security implications of their iterative dialogues and role-playing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Senmao Qi , Yifei Zou , Peng Li , Ziyi Lin , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

The final frontier for simulation is the accurate representation of complex, real-world social systems. While agent-based modeling (ABM) seeks to study the behavior and interactions of agents within a larger system, it is unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Edward Junprung

Web-use agents are rapidly being deployed to automate complex web tasks with extensive browser capabilities. However, these capabilities create a critical and previously unexplored attack surface. This paper demonstrates how attackers can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Avishag Shapira , Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai