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Related papers: Multi-Value Alignment for LLMs via Value Decorrela…

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Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a cornerstone for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, existing approaches struggle to capture the multi-dimensional, distributional nuances of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zelei Cheng , Xin-Qiang Cai , Yuting Tang , Pushi Zhang , Boming Yang , Masashi Sugiyama , Xinyu Xing

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are expected to support multi-turn queries of interchanging image and text modalities in production. However, the current MLLMs trained with visual-question-answering (VQA) datasets could suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Shengzhi Li , Rongyu Lin , Shichao Pei

Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge and remarkable abilities from extensive text corpora, making them powerful tools for various applications. To make LLMs more usable, aligning them with human preferences is essential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Mozhi Zhang , Pengyu Wang , Chenkun Tan , Mianqiu Huang , Dong Zhang , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Post-training of LLMs with RLHF, and subsequently preference optimization algorithms such as DPO, IPO, etc., made a big difference in improving human alignment. However, all such techniques can only work with a single (human) objective. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

We propose Reinforcement Learning with Explicit Human Values (RLEV), a method that aligns Large Language Model (LLM) optimization directly with quantifiable human value signals. While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Dian Yu , Yulai Zhao , Kishan Panaganti , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to expensive human evaluations. However, the alignment and coverage of LLM-based evaluations are often limited by the scope and potential bias of the evaluation prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yuxuan Liu , Tianchi Yang , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Fine-grained control over large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, hindering their adaptability to diverse user needs. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) shows promise in aligning LLMs, its reliance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Haoxiang Wang , Yong Lin , Wei Xiong , Rui Yang , Shizhe Diao , Shuang Qiu , Han Zhao , Tong Zhang

Ensuring that generative AI systems align with human values is essential but challenging, especially when considering multiple human values and their potential trade-offs. Since human values can be personalized and dynamically change over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xinran Wang , Qi Le , Ammar Ahmed , Enmao Diao , Yi Zhou , Nathalie Baracaldo , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose critical safety challenges, as they are susceptible not only to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking but also to inadvertently generating harmful content for benign users. While internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ming Wen , Kun Yang , Xin Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Dingding Han , Shiwen Cui , Yuedong Xu

Aligning large language models (LLM) with human preference plays a key role in building modern generative models and can be achieved by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Despite their superior performance, current RLHF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Kaixuan Ji , Jiafan He , Quanquan Gu

The widespread application of LLMs across various tasks and fields has necessitated the alignment of these models with human values and preferences. Given various approaches of human value alignment, there is an urgent need to understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Delong Chen , Yejin Bang , Leila Khalatbari , Bryan Wilie , Ziwei Ji , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with nuanced human values remains a critical challenge, as existing methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) often handle only coarse-grained attributes. In practice, fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jiawei Chen , Tianzhuo Yang , Guoxi Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yaodong Yang , Juntao Dai

As large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing and achieving near-human capabilities on specific tasks, aligning them with human values is becoming more urgent. In scenarios where LLMs outperform humans, we face a weak-to-strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yougang Lyu , Lingyong Yan , Zihan Wang , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical for their safe and effective deployment across diverse user populations. However, existing benchmarks often neglect cultural and demographic diversity, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yao Liang , Dongcheng Zhao , Feifei Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yuwei Wang , Dongqi Liang , Yi Zeng

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses potential risks such as generating unethical content. Assessing LLMs' values can help expose their misalignment, but relies on reference-free evaluators, e.g., fine-tuned LLMs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhichao Wang , Kiran Ramnath , Bin Bi , Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Sougata Chaudhuri , Shubham Mehrotra , Zixu , Zhu , Xiang-Bo Mao , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as these models become increasingly integrated into various societal and decision-making processes. Traditional methods, such as reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Prashant Trivedi , Souradip Chakraborty , Avinash Reddy , Vaneet Aggarwal , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia

Recent advancements in open-source multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have primarily focused on enhancing foundational capabilities, leaving a significant gap in human preference alignment. This paper introduces OmniAlign-V, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiangyu Zhao , Shengyuan Ding , Zicheng Zhang , Haian Huang , Maosong Cao , Weiyun Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Xinyu Fang , Wenhai Wang , Guangtao Zhai , Haodong Duan , Hua Yang , Kai Chen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the standard for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet recent progress has moved beyond canonical text-based methods. This survey synthesizes the new frontier of alignment research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta , Sai Tiger Raina