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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized as proxies for computational social analysis; yet, their ability to faithfully represent the "thick descriptions" (Geertz, 1973) of human communities remains a critical challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Nuan Wen , Xuezhe Ma

In today's software architecture, large language models (LLMs) serve as software architecture co-pilots. However, no benchmark currently exists to evaluate large language models' actual understanding of cloud-native software architecture.…

The fast-growing demands in using Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex multi-step data science tasks create an emergent need for accurate benchmarking. There are two major gaps in existing benchmarks: (i) the lack of standardized,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Fan Shu , Yite Wang , Ruofan Wu , Boyi Liu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He , Feng Yan

Effective patient care in digital healthcare requires large language models (LLMs) that not only answer questions but also actively gather critical information through well-crafted inquiries. This paper introduces HealthQ, a novel framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Ziyu Wang , Hao Li , Di Huang , Hye-Sung Kim , Chae-Won Shin , Amir M. Rahmani

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate creative and engaging narratives from user-specified input, but maintaining coherence and emotional depth throughout these AI-generated stories remains a challenge. In this work, we propose SCORE, a…

Previous text-to-SQL datasets and systems have primarily focused on user questions with clear intentions that can be answered. However, real user questions can often be ambiguous with multiple interpretations or unanswerable due to a lack…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently enabled natural language interfaces that translate user queries into executable SQL, offering a powerful solution for non-technical stakeholders to access structured data. However, one of the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-23 Jiekai Ma , Yikai Zhao

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are widely used to assess medical students' communication skills, but scoring interview-based assessments is time-consuming and potentially subject to human bias. This study explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jadon Geathers , Yann Hicke , Colleen Chan , Niroop Rajashekar , Justin Sewell , Susannah Cornes , Rene F. Kizilcec , Dennis Shung

Integrating language models (LMs) in healthcare systems holds great promise for improving medical workflows and decision-making. However, a critical barrier to their real-world adoption is the lack of reliable evaluation of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Akash Ghosh , Srivarshinee Sridhar , Raghav Kaushik Ravi , Muhsin Muhsin , Sriparna Saha , Chirag Agarwal

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring the safety of their outputs during decoding has become a critical challenge. However, existing decoding-time interventions, such as Contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xiaomeng Hu , Fei Huang , Chenhan Yuan , Junyang Lin , Tsung-Yi Ho

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to interact with structured data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results on the text-to-SQL task, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Gong , Chuan Lei , Xiao Qin , Kapil Vaidya , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Tim Kraska

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for clinical question answering and decision support, yet safe deployment critically requires reliable handling of patient measurements in heterogeneous clinical notes. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Minh-Vuong Nguyen , Fatemeh Shiri , Zhuang Li , Karin Verspoor

To facilitate healthcare delivery, language models (LMs) have significant potential for clinical prediction tasks using electronic health records (EHRs). However, in these high-stakes applications, unreliable decisions can result in high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zizhang Chen , Peizhao Li , Xiaomeng Dong , Pengyu Hong

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on other LLMs acting as judges. However, current evaluation paradigms typically yield a single score or ranking, answering which model is better but not why. While essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Yotam Perlitz , Roy Bar-Haim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Translating natural language questions into SQL queries, known as text-to-SQL, is a long-standing research problem. Effective text-to-SQL synthesis can become very challenging due to (i) the extensive size of database catalogs (descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Shayan Talaei , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yu-Chen Chang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains, prompting a surge in their practical applications. However, concerns have arisen regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs outputs, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Danna Zheng , Danyang Liu , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular, transforming a wide range of applications across various domains. However, the real-world effectiveness of their query cache systems has not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiaxing Li , Chi Xu , Feng Wang , Isaac M von Riedemann , Cong Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu

Long-context understanding has emerged as a critical capability for large language models (LLMs). However, evaluating this ability remains challenging. We present SCALAR, a benchmark designed to assess citation-grounded long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Renxi Wang , Honglin Mu , Liqun Ma , Lizhi Lin , Yunlong Feng , Timothy Baldwin , Xudong Han , Haonan Li

Information retrieval (IR) systems play a critical role in navigating information overload across various applications. Existing IR benchmarks primarily focus on simple queries that are semantically analogous to single- and multi-hop…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ganlin Xu , Zhitao Yin , Linghao Zhang , Jiaqing Liang , Weijia Lu , Xiaodong Zhang , Zhifei Yang , Sihang Jiang , Deqing Yang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly power mental-health chatbots, yet the field still lacks a scalable, theory-grounded way to decide which model is most effective to deploy. We present ESC-Judge, the first end-to-end evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Navid Madani , Rohini Srihari