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Amplitude damping is a dominant source of error in high performance quantum processors. A promising approach in quantum error correction is erasure error conversion, where errors are converted into detectable leakage states. Dual-rail…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 James Wills , Mohammad Tasnimul Haque , Brian Vlastakis

Superconducting qubits, while promising for scalability and long coherence times, contain more than two energy levels, and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-23 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler

Quantum error correction using erasure qubits offers higher fault-tolerant thresholds and improved scaling by converting dominant physical errors into detectable erasures. In superconducting circuits, erasure qubits can be constructed using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Bao-Jie Liu , Ying-Ying Wang , Yu-Xin Wang , Manthan Badbaria , Shruti Puri , Chen Wang

Improving the speed and fidelity of quantum logic gates is essential to reach quantum advantage with future quantum computers. However, fast logic gates lead to increased leakage errors in superconducting quantum processors based on qubits…

Rapid and accurate initialization of qubits, reset, is a crucial building block for various tasks in quantum information processing, such as quantum error-correction and estimation of statistics of noisy quantum devices with many qubits. We…

Qubit measurements are central to quantum information processing. In the field of superconducting qubits, standard readout techniques are not only limited by the signal-to-noise ratio, but also by state relaxation during the measurement. In…

Leakage errors occur when a quantum system leaves the two-level qubit subspace. Reducing these errors is critically important for quantum error correction to be viable. To quantify leakage errors, we use randomized benchmarking in…

We investigate quantum error correction protocols for neutral atoms quantum processors in the presence of atom loss. We complement the surface code with loss detection units (LDU) and analyze its performances by means of circuit-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Hugo Perrin , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

Quantum error correction (QEC) will be essential to achieve the accuracy needed for quantum computers to realise their full potential. The field has seen promising progress with demonstrations of early QEC and real-time decoded experiments.…

Recent advances in quantum error correction (QEC) across hardware platforms have demonstrated operation near and beyond the fault-tolerance threshold, yet achieving exponential suppression of logical errors through code scaling remains a…

Qubit leakage and loss, particularly Rydberg-induced decay during two-qubit gates, pose significant challenges to fault-tolerant quantum computing with neutral atom arrays, as they propagate to correlated errors and degrade code distance.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Cheng-Cheng Yu , Yu-Hao Deng , Ming-Cheng Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) protects qubits against bit- and phase-flip errors in the |0> or |1> subspace, but physical qubits can also leak into higher energy levels (e.g., |2>). Leakage is especially harmful, as it corrupts all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Chaithanya Naik Mude , Swamit Tannu

The process of measuring a qubit and re-initializing it to the ground state practically lead to long qubit idle times between re-runs of experiments on a superconducting quantum computer. Here, we propose a protocol for a \textit{demolition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Ashutosh Mishra , Frank K. Wilhelm , Shai Machnes

Leakage from the computational subspace is a damaging source of noise that degrades the performance of most qubit types. Unlike other types of noise, leakage cannot be overcome by standard quantum error correction techniques and requires…

The majority of quantum error detection and correction protocols assume that the population in a qubit does not leak outside of its computational subspace. For many existing approaches, however, the physical qubits do possess more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , John M. Martinis , Michael R. Geller

We describe and analyze leakage errors of singlet-triplet qubits. Even though leakage errors are a natural problem for spin qubits encoded using quantum dot arrays, they have obtained little attention in previous studies. We describe the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-24 Sebastian Mehl , Hendrik Bluhm , David P. DiVincenzo

High-fidelity quantum operations require the system dynamics to be strictly confined to the computational subspace. In practice, however, control fields inevitably couple to leakage levels, giving rise to quantum state leakage that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Ting Lin , Zi-Hao Qin , Zheng-Yuan Xue , Tao Chen

Erasure qubits offer a promising avenue toward reducing the overhead of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. However, they require additional operations, such as erasure checks, that may add extra noise and increase runtime of QEC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Shouzhen Gu , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Aleksander Kubica

We introduce a new method for error-corrected quantum metrology where only partial quantum error correction (QEC) is needed to suppress local noise and maintain the probe states' super-standard-quantum-limit (super-SQL) sensing performance.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Yinan Chen , Zongyuan Wang , Sisi Zhou

The performance of a wide range of quantum computing algorithms and protocols depends critically on the fidelity and speed of the employed qubit readout. Examples include gate sequences benefiting from mid-circuit, real-time,…