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Sequential learning of multiple tasks in artificial neural networks using gradient descent leads to catastrophic forgetting, whereby previously learned knowledge is erased during learning of new, disjoint knowledge. Here, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Shixian Wen , Laurent Itti

When learning new tasks in a sequential manner, deep neural networks tend to forget tasks that they previously learned, a phenomenon called catastrophic forgetting. Class incremental learning methods aim to address this problem by keeping a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Jinlin Xiang , Eli Shlizerman

Recent pre-trained vision-language models (PT-VLMs) often face a Multi-Domain Task Incremental Learning (MTIL) scenario in practice, where several classes and domains of multi-modal tasks are incrementally arrived. Without access to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hao Fu , Hanbin Zhao , Jiahua Dong , Henghui Ding , Chao Zhang , Hui Qian

Modern learning systems increasingly rely on amortized learning - the idea of reusing computation or inductive biases shared across tasks to enable rapid generalization to novel problems. This principle spans a range of approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sarthak Mittal , Divyat Mahajan , Guillaume Lajoie , Mohammad Pezeshki

Despite significant advances, continual learning models still suffer from catastrophic forgetting when exposed to incrementally available data from non-stationary distributions. Rehearsal approaches alleviate the problem by maintaining and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-02 Binh Tang , David S. Matteson

Continual learning (CL) is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to evolving real-world demands, yet they are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting (CF). While traditional CF solutions rely on expensive data rehearsal, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huanxuan Liao , Shizhu He , Yupu Hao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to continually changing target domains during inference. As a fundamental principle, an ideal CTTA method should rapidly adapt to new domains (exploration) while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Pinci Yang , Peisong Wen , Ke Ma , Qianqian Xu

The powerful learning ability of deep neural networks enables reinforcement learning agents to learn competent control policies directly from continuous environments. In theory, to achieve stable performance, neural networks assume i.i.d.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tiantian Zhang , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang , Bo Yuan

Continual learning refers to the capability of a machine learning model to learn and adapt to new information, without compromising its performance on previously learned tasks. Although several studies have investigated continual learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jingrui Hou , Georgina Cosma , Axel Finke

Existing machines are functionally specific tools that were made for easy prediction and control. Tomorrow's machines may be closer to biological systems in their mutability, resilience, and autonomy. But first they must be capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shawn L. Beaulieu , Jeff Clune , Nick Cheney

Test-Time Optimization enables models to adapt to new data during inference by updating parameters on-the-fly. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have explored learning prompts at test time to improve performance in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dhruv Sarkar , Aprameyo Chakrabartty , Bibhudatta Bhanja

In human-robot collaboration (HRC), robots must adapt online to dynamic task constraints and evolving human intent. While physical corrections provide a natural, low-latency channel for operators to convey motion-level adjustments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiurun Song , Xiao Liang , Minghui Zheng

A desirable dialog system should be able to continually learn new skills without forgetting old ones, and thereby adapt to new domains or tasks in its life cycle. However, continually training a model often leads to a well-known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Qi Zhu , Bing Li , Fei Mi , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models becomes available over time. Unfortunately, these models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Multi-task learning (MTL) models have demonstrated impressive results in computer vision, natural language processing, and recommender systems. Even though many approaches have been proposed, how well these approaches balance different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Enneng Yang , Junwei Pan , Ximei Wang , Haibin Yu , Li Shen , Xihua Chen , Lei Xiao , Jie Jiang , Guibing Guo

This study focuses on incremental learning for image classification, exploring how to reduce catastrophic forgetting of all learned knowledge when access to old data is restricted. The challenge lies in balancing plasticity (learning new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhiping Zhou , Xuchen Xie , Yiqiao Qiu , Run Lin , Weishi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

We study continual learning in the large scale setting where tasks in the input sequence are not limited to classification, and the outputs can be of high dimension. Among multiple state-of-the-art methods, we found vanilla experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yogesh Balaji , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Dong Yin , Alex Mott , Ang Li

The ability to learn different tasks sequentially is essential to the development of artificial intelligence. In general, neural networks lack this capability, the major obstacle being catastrophic forgetting. It occurs when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Kaustubh Olpadkar , Ekta Gavas

Continual learning algorithms which keep the parameters of new tasks close to that of previous tasks, are popular in preventing catastrophic forgetting in sequential task learning settings. However, 1) the performance for the new continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Wei Cong , Yang Cong , Gan Sun , Yuyang Liu , Jiahua Dong

We propose InCA, a lightweight method for transfer learning that cross-attends to any activation layer of a pre-trained model. During training, InCA uses a single forward pass to extract multiple activations, which are passed to external…