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Fluid antenna system (FAS), which continuously repositions a single physical element across a deployment region $[0, D]$, breaks this limit by freeing antenna positions from the discrete grid entirely. This paper establishes the theoretical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tuo Wu , Jie Tang , Ye Tian , Cheng Zeng , Matthew C. Valenti , Hing Cheung So

Fluid antennas (FAs) and movable antennas (MAs) have attracted increasing attention in wireless communications recently. As compared to the conventional fixed-position antennas (FPAs), their geometry can be dynamically reconfigured, such…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Dong Wang , Weidong Mei , Boyu Ning , Zhi Chen

This paper investigates a multiple input single output (MISO) downlink communication system in which users are equipped with fluid antennas (FAs). First, we adopt a field-response based channel model to characterize the downlink channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoran Qin , Wen Chen , Zhendong Li , Qingqing Wu , Nan Cheng , Fangjiong Chen

In this paper, a novel Three dimensional (3D) positioning framework of fluid antenna system (FAS)-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is developed. In the proposed framework, a set of controlled UAVs cooperatively estimate the real-time…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xiaoren Xu , Hao Xu , Dongyu Wei , Walid Saad , Mehdi Bennis , Mingzhe Chen

The fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged as a new physical-layer concept to provide enhanced propagation conditions for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications over conventional fixed arrays. This work focuses on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Wenxuan Sun , Mingjie Shao , Luteng Zhu , Yao Ge , Tong Zhang , Zhi Liu

The concept of fluid antennas (FAs) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, achieved by introducing additional degrees of freedom, including reconfigurability and flexibility. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Elio Faddoul , Ghassan M. Kraidy , Constantinos Psomas , Ioannis Krikidis

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) offer a promising paradigm for enhancing wireless communication by exploiting spatial diversity, yet a rigorous analytical framework for their error probability has been notably absent. To this end, this paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xusheng Zhu , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Tuo Wu , Kaitao Meng , Chao Wang , Gui Zhou

This paper introduces a unified analytical and optimization framework for fluid antenna system-active reconfigurable intelligent surface (FAS-ARIS) communications in 6G. By combining the port reconfigurability of FAS with the signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Hong-Bae Jeon , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae

The position-fluid antenna (PFA) architecture has become one of the appealing technologies to support ubiquitous connectivity demand in next-generation wireless systems. Specifically, allowing the antenna to adjust its physical position to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Heyin Shen , Chong Han , Hao Liu , Tao Yang

Fluid antenna system promises to obtain enormous diversity in the small space of a mobile device by switching the position of the radiating element to the most desirable position from a large number of prescribed locations of the given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Zhi Chai , Kai-Kit Wong , Kin-Fai Tong , Yu Chen , Yangyang Zhang

In conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, the positions of antennas are fixed. To take full advantage of spatial degrees of freedom, a new technology called fluid antenna (FA) is proposed to obtain higher…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yuqi Ye , Li You , Jue Wang , Hao Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Xiqi Gao

High-precision direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, as a key sensing capability for 6G-enabled applications such as autonomous driving and extended reality, is increasingly dependent on the effective exploitation of spatial degrees of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Ye Tian , Jiaji Ren , Tuo Wu , Wei Liu , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Hing Cheung So

Fluid antenna system (FAS)/movable antenna (MA) has emerged as a promising technology to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs). In this paper, we propose a new rotatable antenna (RA) model, as a simplified implementation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Qingjie Wu , Beixiong Zheng , Tiantian Ma , Rui Zhang

This paper investigates the impact of deploying the fluid antenna system (FAS) on the performance of covert communications. In particular, we focus on a scenario where a transmitter seeks to covertly communicate with a receiver, while a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Masoud Kaveh , Riku Jantti , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez

Fluid Antenna Systems (FASs) have recently been proposed for enhancing the performance of wireless communication. Previous antenna designs to meet the requirements of FAS have been based on mechanically movable or liquid antennas and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-17 Jichen Zhang , Junhui Rao , Zhaoyang Ming , Zan Li , Chi-Yuk Chiu , Kai-Kit Wong , Kin-Fai Tong , Ross Murch

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and fluid antenna systems (FAS) has attracted considerable attention due to its tremendous potential in enhancing wireless communication performance. However, under fast-fading…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Kaining Wang , Bo Yang , Yusheng Lei , Zhiwen Yu , Xuelin Cao , Liang Wang , Bin Guo , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Zhu Han

Over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) effectively utilizes communication bandwidth, yet it is vulnerable to errors during analog aggregation. While removing users with unfavorable channel conditions can mitigate these errors, it also…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Yang Zhao , Minrui Xu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

This paper studies a fluid-antenna-enabled integrated bistatic sensing and backscatter communication system for future networks where connectivity, power delivery, and environmental awareness are jointly supported by the same…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 A. Abdelaziz Salem , Saeed Abdallah , Khawla Alnajjar , Mahmoud A. Albreem , Mohamed Saad , Hayssam Dahrouj , Hesham Elsawy

This paper investigates the performance of a multi-reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted fluid antenna system (FAS). In this system, a single-antenna transmitter communicates with a receiver equipped with a planar FAS through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Mahmoud Aldababsa , Taissir Y. Elganimi , Mahmoud A. Albreem , Saeed Abdallah

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has been extensively researched to enhance communication rates and radar sensing capabilities. Additionally, a new technology known as fluid antenna system (FAS) has recently been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Ye , Li You , Hao Xu , Ahmed Elzanaty , Kai-Kit Wong , Xiqi Gao