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Large Language Models (LLMs) with their strong task-handling capabilities have shown remarkable advancements across a spectrum of fields, moving beyond natural language understanding. However, their proficiency within the chemistry domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Khiem Le , Zhichun Guo , Kaiwen Dong , Xiaobao Huang , Bozhao Nan , Roshni Iyer , Xiangliang Zhang , Olaf Wiest , Wei Wang , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

SMILES is a linear representation of chemical structures which encodes the connection table, and the stereochemistry of a molecule as a line of text with a grammar structure denoting atoms, bonds, rings and chains, and this information can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Arindam Paul , Dipendra Jha , Reda Al-Bahrani , Wei-keng Liao , Alok Choudhary , Ankit Agrawal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across various domains, but their ability to perform molecular reasoning remains underexplored. Existing methods mostly rely on general-purpose prompting, which lacks…

Structure information is critical for understanding the semantics of text-rich images, such as documents, tables, and charts. Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for Visual Document Understanding are equipped with text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Anwen Hu , Haiyang Xu , Jiabo Ye , Ming Yan , Liang Zhang , Bo Zhang , Chen Li , Ji Zhang , Qin Jin , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently achieved impressive general-purpose vision-language capabilities through visual instruction tuning. However, current MLLMs primarily focus on image-level or box-level understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuqian Yuan , Wentong Li , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Xinjie Luo , Chi Qin , Lei Zhang , Jianke Zhu

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in chemical visual understanding, current models are predominantly optimized for direct visual question-answering tasks. This paradigm often results in "black-box"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xuanle Zhao , Xinyuan Cai , Xiang Cheng , Xiuyi Chen , Bo Xu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential across diverse fields. While LLMs have been applied to molecular simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) in computer-aided synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kenan Li , Yijian Zhang , Jin Wang , Haipeng Gan , Zeying Sun , Xiaoguang Lei , Hao Dong

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a commonly used retinal imaging modality, plays a central role in retinal disease diagnosis by providing high-resolution visualization of retinal layers. While deep learning (DL) has achieved expert-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tienyu Chang , Tianhao Li , Ruogu Fang , Jiang Bian , Yu Huang

Recent advances in molecular science have been propelled significantly by large language models (LLMs). However, their effectiveness is limited when relying solely on molecular sequences, which fail to capture the complex structures of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 Jianting Tang , Yubo Wang , Haoyu Cao , Linli Xu

We present Multimodal OCR (MOCR), a document parsing paradigm that jointly parses text and graphics into unified textual representations. Unlike conventional OCR systems that focus on text recognition and leave graphical regions as cropped…

In recent years, artificial intelligence has played an important role on accelerating the whole process of drug discovery. Various of molecular representation schemes of different modals (e.g. textual sequence or graph) are developed. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Tianyu Wu , Yang Tang , Qiyu Sun , Luolin Xiong

Remote sensing image interpretation plays a critical role in environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster assessment. However, acquiring high-quality labeled data is often costly and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tong Wang , Guanzhou Chen , Xiaodong Zhang , Chenxi Liu , Jiaqi Wang , Xiaoliang Tan , Wenchao Guo , Qingyuan Yang , Kaiqi Zhang

Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is concerned with transcribing sheet music into a machine-readable format. The transcribed copy should allow musicians to compose, play and edit music by taking a picture of a music sheet. Complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Elona Shatri , György Fazekas

Modern research increasingly relies on automated methods to assist researchers. An example of this is Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR), which aids chemists in retrieving information about chemicals from large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Thomas Jurriaans , Kinga Szarkowska , Eric Nalisnick , Markus Schwoerer , Camilo Thorne , Saber Akhondi

Like many scientific fields, new chemistry literature has grown at a staggering pace, with thousands of papers released every month. A large portion of chemistry literature focuses on new molecules and reactions between molecules. Most…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-10 Daniel Campos , Heng Ji

Recent advancements in biology and chemistry have leveraged multi-modal learning, integrating molecules and their natural language descriptions to enhance drug discovery. However, current pre-training frameworks are limited to two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Teng Xiao , Chao Cui , Huaisheng Zhu , Vasant G. Honavar

Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and the same atom connectivity and their existence can be related to the presence of different three-dimensional arrangements. Stereoisomerism is of great importance in many different fields…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Ana L. Teixeira , João P. Leal , Andre O Falcao

Automatically extracting chemical structures from documents is essential for the large-scale analysis of the literature in chemistry. Automatic pipelines have been developed to recognize molecules represented either in figures or in text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tim Strohmeyer , Lucas Morin , Gerhard Ingmar Meijer , Valéry Weber , Ahmed Nassar , Peter Staar

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized scientific text processing, they exhibit a significant capability gap when interpreting chemical reaction diagrams. We identify two fundamental bottlenecks restricting current systems:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mingyang Rao , Kehua Feng , Zhihui Zhu , Jiangzhen Fu , Hao Yu , Keyan Ding , Huajun Chen

Molecular core structures and R-groups are essential concepts in drug development. Integration of these concepts with conventional graph pre-training approaches can promote deeper understanding in molecules. We propose MolPLA, a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Mogan Gim , Jueon Park , Soyon Park , Sanghoon Lee , Seungheun Baek , Junhyun Lee , Ngoc-Quang Nguyen , Jaewoo Kang