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By supporting the access of multiple memory words at the same time, Bit-line Computing (BC) architectures allow the parallel execution of bit-wise operations in-memory. At the array periphery, arithmetic operations are then derived with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Marco Rios , Flavio Ponzina , Alexandre Levisse , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Neuromorphic or neurally-inspired optimizers rely on local but parallel parameter updates to solve problems that range from quadratic programming to Ising machines. An ideal realization of such an optimizer not only uses a compute-in-memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zihao Chen , Faiek Ahsan , Johannes Leugering , Gert Cauwenberghs , Shantanu Chakrabartty

Storing tabular data to balance storage and query efficiency is a long-standing research question in the database community. In this work, we argue and show that a novel DeepMapping abstraction, which relies on the impressive memorization…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Lixi Zhou , K. Selçuk Candan , Jia Zou

The rapid advancements in machine learning across numerous industries have amplified the demand for extensive matrix-vector multiplication operations, thereby challenging the capacities of traditional von Neumann computing architectures. To…

With the development of quantum computing, quantum processor demonstrates the potential supremacy in specific applications, such as Grovers database search and popular quantum neural networks (QNNs). For better calibrating the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Yuhong Song , Edwin Hsing-Mean Sha , Longshan Xu , Qingfeng Zhuge , Zili Shao

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) on consumer edge devices is throttled by the "Memory Wall" -- the prohibitive bandwidth and energy cost of fetching gigabytes of model weights from DRAM for every token generated. Current…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fang Li

Conventional wisdom holds that an efficient interface between an OS running on a CPU and a high-bandwidth I/O device should use Direct Memory Access (DMA) to offload data transfer, descriptor rings for buffering and queuing, and interrupts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Anastasiia Ruzhanskaia , Pengcheng Xu , David Cock , Timothy Roscoe

Transformers have led to learning-based image compression methods that outperform traditional approaches. However, these methods often suffer from high complexity, limiting their practical application. To address this, various strategies…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Bouzid Arezki , Anissa Mokraoui , Fangchen Feng

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is an emerging computing paradigm, offering noteworthy potential for accelerating neural networks with high parallelism, low latency, and energy efficiency compared to conventional von Neumann architectures.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Kam Chi Loong , Shihao Han , Sishuo Liu , Ning Lin , Zhongrui Wang

Despite the data-rich environment in which memory systems of modern computing platforms operate, many state-of-the-art architectural policies employed in the memory system rely on static, human-designed heuristics that fail to truly adapt…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Rahul Bera , Rakesh Nadig , Onur Mutlu

Modern edge AI workloads demand maximum energy efficiency, motivating the pursuit of analog Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures. Simultaneously, the popularity of Large-Language-Models (LLMs) drives the adoption of low-bit floating-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Brian Rojkov , Shubham Ranjan , Derek Wright , Manoj Sachdev

Computing is bottlenecked by data. Large amounts of application data overwhelm storage capability, communication capability, and computation capability of the modern machines we design today. As a result, many key applications' performance,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Onur Mutlu

Escalating artificial intelligence (AI) demands expose a critical "compute crisis" characterized by unsustainable energy consumption, prohibitive training costs, and the approaching limits of conventional CMOS scaling. Physics-based…

Modern retrospective analytics systems leverage cascade architecture to mitigate bottleneck for computing deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the existing cascades suffer two limitations: (1) decoding bottleneck is either neglected or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jinwoo Hwang , Minsu Kim , Daeun Kim , Seungho Nam , Yoonsung Kim , Dohee Kim , Hardik Sharma , Jongse Park

Analog Computing-in-Memory (ACIM) is an emerging architecture to perform efficient AI edge computing. However, current ACIM designs usually have unscalable topology and still heavily rely on manual efforts. These drawbacks limit the ACIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Haoyi Zhang , Jiahao Song , Xiaohan Gao , Xiyuan Tang , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

Bulk-bitwise processing-in-memory (PIM), where large bitwise operations are performed in parallel by the memory array itself, is an emerging form of computation with the potential to mitigate the memory wall problem. This paper examines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ben Perach , Ronny Ronen , Benny Kimelfeld , Shahar Kvatinsky

The growing volume of data in modern applications has led to significant computational costs in conventional processor-centric systems. Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures alleviate these costs by moving computation closer to memory,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Alain Kohli , David Novo , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yaglikci , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

Recent research has sought to accelerate cryptographic hash functions as they are at the core of modern cryptography. Traditional designs, however, suffer from the von Neumann bottleneck that originates from the separation of processing and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Batel Oved , Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Data transfers are essential in today's computing systems as latency and complex memory access patterns are increasingly challenging to manage. Direct memory access engines (DMAEs) are critically needed to transfer data independently of the…

Neuromorphic Computing promises orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency compared to traditional von Neumann computing paradigm. The goal is to develop an adaptive, fault-tolerant, low-footprint, fast, low-energy intelligent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Sakib Hasan , Catherine D. Schuman , Zhongyang Zhang , Tauhidur Rahman , Garrett S. Rose