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Related papers: Hallucinate Less by Thinking More: Aspect-Based Ca…

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We explore uncertainty quantification in large language models (LLMs), with the goal to identify when uncertainty in responses given a query is large. We simultaneously consider both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, where the former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yasin Abbasi Yadkori , Ilja Kuzborskij , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

Despite great success across various multimodal tasks, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) often encounter object hallucinations with generated textual responses being inconsistent with the actual objects in images. We examine different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wenbin An , Feng Tian , Sicong Leng , Jiahao Nie , Haonan Lin , QianYing Wang , Ping Chen , Xiaoqin Zhang , Shijian Lu

Hallucination is a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), preventing their further application in some fields. The skeptical thinking of humankind could be useful for LLMs to self-cognition, self-reflection and alleviate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yetao Wu , Yihong Wang , Teng Chen , Ningyuan Xi , Qingqing Gu , Hongyang Lei , Luo Ji

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating fluent yet factually incorrect text-a phenomenon known as hallucinations, undermining their reliability and utility in downstream tasks. We hypothesize that a generated text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Koduvayur Subbalakshmi , Sabbir Hossain Ujjal , Venkata Krishna Teja Mangichetty , Nastaran Jamalipour Soofi

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination a lot, generating responses that apparently contradict to the image content occasionally. The key problem lies in its weak ability to comprehend detailed content in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhiyang Chen , Yousong Zhu , Yufei Zhan , Zhaowen Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Jinqiao Wang , Ming Tang

While large language models have transformed how we interact with AI systems, they have a critical weakness: they confidently state false information that sounds entirely plausible. This "hallucination" problem has become a major barrier to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Piyushkumar Patel

Large Language Models often generate factually incorrect but plausible outputs, known as hallucinations. We identify a more insidious phenomenon, LLM delusion, defined as high belief hallucinations, incorrect outputs with abnormally high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zixv yang , Zichen Zhu , Kunyao Lan , Zihan Wang , Mengyue Wu , Ziwei Ji , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive progress in multimodal reasoning, yet they remain prone to object hallucinations, generating descriptions of objects that are not present in the input image. Recent approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sohyeon Kim , Sang Yeon Yoon , Kyeongbo Kong

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect statements despite having access to relevant evidence, a failure mode rooted in how they allocate attention between contextual and parametric knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kenji Sahay , Snigdha Pandya , Rohan Nagale , Anna Lin , Shikhar Shiromani , Kevin Zhu , Dev Sunishchal

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

Existing large language models (LLMs) occasionally generate plausible yet factually incorrect responses, known as hallucinations. Two main approaches have been proposed to mitigate hallucinations: retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Youchao Zhou , Heyan Huang , Yicheng Liu , Rui Dai , Xinglin Wang , Xingchen Zhang , Shumin Shi , Yang Deng

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently shown remarkable capabilities in visual understanding and generation, but remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations of visual content. Prior object-hiding attacks primarily rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate hallucinations, producing outputs that are contextually inaccurate or factually incorrect. We introduce HICD, a novel method designed to induce hallucinations for contrastive decoding to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xinyan Jiang , Hang Ye , Yongxin Zhu , Xiaoying Zheng , Zikang Chen , Jun Gong

Biomedical retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) often face evidence that is incomplete, misleading, or internally contradictory, yet evaluation usually emphasizes answer accuracy under helpful context rather than reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yikun Han , Mengfei Lan , Halil Kilicoglu

Recent decoding methods improve the factuality of large language models (LLMs) by refining how the next token is selected during generation. These methods typically operate at the token level, leveraging internal representations to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hongxiang Zhang , Hao Chen , Muhao Chen , Tianyi Zhang

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various AI applications in commercial and scientific research fields, such as scientific literature summarization, writing assistance, and knowledge graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Huiwen Wu , Xiaohan Li , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Deyi Zhang , Zhe Liu

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks following human alignment, they may still generate responses that sound plausible but contradict factual knowledge, a phenomenon known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fanqi Wan , Xinting Huang , Leyang Cui , Xiaojun Quan , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is an important sentiment analysis task, which aims to determine the sentiment polarity towards an aspect in a sentence. Due to the expensive and limited labeled data, data generation (DG) has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qihuang Zhong , Haiyun Li , Luyao Zhuang , Juhua Liu , Bo Du

LLMs utilizing chain-of-thought reasoning often waste substantial compute by producing long, incorrect responses. Abstention can mitigate this by withholding outputs unlikely to be correct. While most abstention methods decide to withhold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hen Davidov , Nachshon Cohen , Oren Kalinsky , Yaron Fairstein , Guy Kushilevitz , Ram Yazdi , Patrick Rebeschini