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Latin squares and hypercubes are combinatorial designs with several applications in statistics, cryptography and coding theory. In this paper, we generalize a construction of Latin squares based on bipermutive cellular automata (CA) to the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Maximilien Gadouleau , Luca Mariot

We have performed a complete enumeration of non-isotopic triples of mutually orthogonal $k\times n$ Latin rectangles for $k\leq n \leq 7$. Here we will present a census of such triples, classified by various properties, including the order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-31 Gerold Jäger , Klas Markström , Lars-Daniel Öhman , Denys Shcherbak

We introduce several classes of quantum combinatorial designs, namely quantum Latin squares, cubes, hypercubes and a notion of orthogonality between them. A further introduced notion, quantum orthogonal arrays, generalizes all previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 Dardo Goyeneche , Zahra Raissi , Sara Di Martino , Karol Zyczkowski

Two latin squares are orthogonal if, when they are superimposed, every ordered pair of symbols appears exactly once. This definition extends naturally to `incomplete' latin squares each having a hole on the same rows, columns, and symbols.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-27 Peter J. Dukes , Christopher M. van Bommel

Constructive and nonconstructive techniques are employed to enumerate Latin squares and related objects. It is established that there are (i) 2036029552582883134196099 main classes of Latin squares of order 11; (ii)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-08 Alexander Hulpke , Petteri Kaski , Patric R. J. Östergård

Goyeneche et al.\ [Phys.\ Rev.\ A \textbf{97}, 062326 (2018)] introduced several classes of quantum combinatorial designs, namely quantum Latin squares, quantum Latin cubes, and the notion of orthogonality on them. They also showed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Yajuan Zang , Paolo Facchi , Zihong Tian

Latin tableaux are a generalization of Latin squares, which first appeared in the early 2000's in a paper of Chow, Fan, Goemans, and Vondr\'{a}k. Here, we extend the notion of isotopy, a permutation group action, from Latin squares to Latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-02 R. Karpman , É. Roldán

A pair of orthogonal latin cubes of order $q$ is equivalent to an MDS code with distance $3$ or to an ${\rm OA}_1(3,5,q)$ orthogonal array. We construct pairs of orthogonal latin cubes for a sequence of previously unknown orders…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-30 Vladimir N. Potapov

A Latin square of order $n$ is an $n\times n$ matrix in which each row and column contains each of $n$ symbols exactly once. For $\epsilon>0$, we show that with high probability a uniformly random Latin square of order $n$ has no proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Michael J. Gill , Adam Mammoliti , Ian M. Wanless

We prove several results about substructures in Latin squares. First, we explain how to adapt our recent work on high-girth Steiner triple systems to the setting of Latin squares, resolving a conjecture of Linial that there exist Latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-05 Matthew Kwan , Ashwin Sah , Mehtaab Sawhney , Michael Simkin

Despite the fact that latin cubes have been studied since in the 1940's, there are only a few results on embedding partial latin cubes, and all these results are far from being optimal with respect to the size of the containing cube. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-15 Amin Bahmanian

A quantum Latin square is an $n \times n$ array of unit vectors where each row and column forms an orthonormal basis of a fixed complex vector space. We introduce the notion of $(G,G')$-invariant quantum Latin squares for finite groups $G$…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Arnbjörg Soffía Árnadóttir , David E. Roberson

This article, showing that almost all objects in the title are asymmetric, is re-typed from a manuscript I wrote somewhere around 1980 (after the papers of Bang and Friedland on the permanent conjecture but before those of Egorychev and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-09 Peter J. Cameron

A quandle is an algebraic structure satisfying three axioms: idempotency, right-invertibility and right self-distributivity. In quandles, right translations are permutations. The profile of a quandle is the list of cycle structures, one per…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-10 António Lages , Pedro Lopes , Petr Vojtěchovský

In this article we consider an open conjecture about coherently labelling a polyhedron in three dimensions. We exhibit all the forty eight possible coherent labellings of a tetrahedron. We also exhibit that some simplicial polyhedra like…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-28 C. P. Anil Kumar

We discuss the problem of existence of latin squares without a substructure consisting of six elements $(r_1,c_2,l_3)$, $(r_2,c_3,l_1)$, $(r_3,c_1,l_2)$, $(r_2,c_1,l_3)$, $(r_3,c_2,l_1)$, $(r_1,c_3,l_2)$. Equivalently, the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Aleksandr D. Krotov , Denis S. Krotov

Explicit algorithms are developed for constructing odd order n pandiagonal latin cubes in 3 and 4 dimensions, and these are used to construct pandiagonal magic cubes and 4 dimensional hypercubes, respectively. It is established that these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Solomon Gartenhaus

We (1) determine the number of Latin rectangles with 11 columns and each possible number of rows, including the Latin squares of order~11, (2) answer some questions of Alter by showing that the number of reduced Latin squares of order $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-14 Brendan D. McKay , Ian M. Wanless

We prove that, for all even $n\geq10$, there exists a latin square of order $n$ with at least one transversal, yet all transversals coincide on $ \big\lfloor n/6 \big\rfloor$ entries. These latin squares have at least $ 19 n^2/36 + O(n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Afsane Ghafari , Ian M. Wanless

Goyeneche et al recently proposed a notion of orthogonality for quantum Latin squares, and showed that orthogonal quantum Latin squares yield quantum codes. We give a simplified characterization of orthogonality for quantum Latin squares,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Benjamin Musto , Jamie Vicary