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The defining characteristic of the cold dark matter (CDM) hypothesis is the presence of a very large number of low-mass haloes, too small to have made a visible galaxy. Other hypotheses for the nature of the dark matter, such as warm dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-23 Ran Li , Carlos S. Frenk , Shaun Cole , Qiao Wang , Liang Gao

Many dark matter (DM) models that are consistent with current cosmological data show differences in the predicted (sub)halo mass function, especially at sub-galactic scales, where observations are challenging due to the inefficiency of star…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-18 Atınç Çağan Şengül , Cora Dvorkin

Events like inflation or phase transitions can produce large density perturbations on very small scales in the early Universe. Probes of small scales are therefore useful for e.g. discriminating between inflationary models. Until recently,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-13 Pat Scott , Torsten Bringmann , Yashar Akrami

In the CDM scenario, dark matter halos are assembled hierarchically from smaller subunits. A long-standing problem with this picture is that the number of sub-halos predicted by CDM simulations is orders of magnitudes higher than the known…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 T. Riehm , E. Zackrisson , O. Moeller , E. Mortsell , K. Wiik

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are compelling dark matter (DM) candidates, but current constraints suggest they cannot compose all of DM. This implies that additional DM components could coexist with PBHs, one of which could form "dark…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-16 Charchit Kumar Sethi , Andrew L. Miller , Sarah Caudill

We investigate the strong gravitational lensing properties of fuzzy dark matter (FDM) halos, focusing on the magnification properties near radial critical curves (CCs). Using simulated lenses we compute magnification maps for a range of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 J. M. Palencia , Paloma Morilla , Sung Kei Li , J. M. Diego , Amruth Alfred , Thomas J. Broadhurst , B. J. Kavanagh , Jeremy Lim

The cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model unambigously predicts that a large number of haloes should survive as subhaloes when they are accreted into a larger halo. The CDM model would be ruled out if such substructures were shown not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Ran Li , Carlos S. Frenk , Shaun Cole , Liang Gao , Sownak Bose , Wojciech A. Hellwing

A very pressing question in contemporary physics is the identity of Dark Matter (DM). Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are one of the most well-motivated DM candidates. Light PBHs have been constrained by either the non-detection of their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Akash Kumar Saha , Abhijeet Singh , Priyank Parashari , Ranjan Laha

Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for constraining substructure in the mass distribution of galaxies, be it from the presence of dark matter sub-halos or due to physical mechanisms affecting the baryons throughout galaxy evolution.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-28 Georgios Vernardos , Grigorios Tsagkatakis , Yannis Pantazis

Particle dark matter and primordial black holes (PBH) might coexist with appreciable cosmic abundances, with both contributing to the observed dark matter density $\Omega_{\rm DM}$. Large populations of PBH (with $\Omega_{\rm PBH}\sim…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-11 Prolay Chanda , Sagnik Mukherjee , James Unwin

The model in which Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) constitute a non-negligible fraction of the dark matter has (re)gained popularity after the first detections of binary black hole mergers. Most of the observational constraints to date have…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-11 Nicola Bellomo , José Luis Bernal , Alvise Raccanelli , Licia Verde

Gravitational weak lensing by dark matter halos leads to a measurable imprint in the shear correlation function of galaxies. Fuzzy dark matter (FDM), composed of ultralight axion-like particles of mass $m\sim 10^{-22}\text{ eV}$, suppresses…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-29 Mona Dentler , David J. E. Marsh , Renée Hložek , Alex Laguë , Keir K. Rogers , Daniel Grin

A fundamental prediction of the cold dark matter (CDM) model of structure formation is the existence of a vast population of dark matter haloes extending to subsolar masses. By contrast, other dark matter models, such as a warm thermal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-10 Qiuhan He , Andrew Robertson , James Nightingale , Shaun Cole , Carlos S. Frenk , Richard Massey , Aristeidis Amvrosiadis , Ran Li , Xiaoyue Cao , Amy Etherington

Strong gravitational lensing is a powerful probe of the distribution of matter on sub-kpc scales. It can be used to test the existence of completely dark subhalos surrounding galaxies, as predicted by the standard cold dark matter model, or…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-30 Ioana A. Zelko , Anna M. Nierenberg , Tommaso Treu

Fuzzy dark matter is a promising alternative to the standard cold dark matter. It has quite recently been noticed, that they can not only successfully explain the large-scale structure in the Universe, but can also solve problems of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-31 Jianxiang Liu , Zijun Gao , Marek Biesiada , Kai Liao

The prevalence and properties of low-mass dark matter haloes serve as a crucial test for understanding the nature of dark matter, and may be constrained through the gravitational deflection of strongly lensed arcs. Previous studies found…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-26 H. R. Stacey , D. M. Powell , S. Vegetti , J. P. McKean , D. Wen

The free streaming length of dark matter particles determines the abundance of structure on sub-galactic scales. We present a statistical technique, amendable to any parameterization of subhalo density profile and mass function, to probe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 Daniel Gilman , Simon Birrer , Tommaso Treu , Charles R. Keeton , Anna Nierenberg

Joint analyses of small-scale cosmological structure probes are relatively unexplored and promise to advance measurements of microphysical dark matter properties using heterogeneous data. Here, we present a multidimensional analysis of dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-10 Ethan O. Nadler , Simon Birrer , Daniel Gilman , Risa H. Wechsler , Xiaolong Du , Andrew Benson , Anna M. Nierenberg , Tommaso Treu

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can constitute the predominant fraction of dark matter (DM) if PBHs reside in the currently unconstrained "sublunar" mass range. PBHs originating from scalar perturbations generated during inflation can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-28 Sunao Sugiyama , Volodymyr Takhistov , Edoardo Vitagliano , Alexander Kusenko , Misao Sasaki , Masahiro Takada

We demonstrate that the perturbations of strongly lensed images by low-mass dark matter subhalos are significantly impacted by the concentration of the perturbing subhalo. For subhalo concentrations expected in $\Lambda$CDM, significant…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-11 Quinn E. Minor , Manoj Kaplinghat , Tony H. Chan , Emily Simon