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In the era of data expansion, ensuring data privacy has become increasingly critical, posing significant challenges to traditional AI-based applications. In addition, the increasing adoption of IoT devices has introduced significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Sameera K. M. , Vinod P. , Anderson Rocha , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Mauro Conti

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for enabling use cases like confidential clinical machine learning. FL operates by aggregating models trained by remote devices which owns the data. Thus, FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Michael Duchesne , Kaiwen Zhang , Chamseddine Talhi

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are state-of-the-art distributed machine learning techniques to enable machine learning training without accessing raw data on clients or end devices. However, their \emph{comparative training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Yansong Gao , Minki Kim , Chandra Thapa , Sharif Abuadbba , Zhi Zhang , Seyit A. Camtepe , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning strategy, developed for settings where training data is owned by distributed devices and cannot be shared. FL circumvents this constraint by carrying out model training in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Maria Hartmann , Grégoire Danoy , Pascal Bouvry

As IoT ecosystems continue to expand across critical sectors, they have become prominent targets for increasingly sophisticated and large-scale malware attacks. The evolving threat landscape, combined with the sensitive nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Rami Darwish , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Sajad Khorsandroo , Kaushik Roy

As Federated Learning (FL) expands, the challenge of non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data becomes critical. Clustered Federated Learning (CFL) addresses this by training multiple specialized models, each representing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-21 Michael Ben Ali , Omar El-Rifai , Imen Megdiche , André Peninou , Olivier Teste

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising distributed machine learning approach that enables collaborative training of a global model using multiple edge devices. The data distributed among the edge devices is highly heterogeneous. Thus, FL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ji Liu , Beichen Ma , Qiaolin Yu , Ruoming Jin , Jingbo Zhou , Yang Zhou , Huaiyu Dai , Haixun Wang , Dejing Dou , Patrick Valduriez

As the number of sensors becomes massive in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the amount of data is humongous. To process data in real-time while protecting user privacy, federated learning (FL) has been regarded as an enabling technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jianyang Ren , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Gaofeng Nie

Federated Split Learning (FSL) is a promising distributed learning paradigm in practice, which gathers the strengths of both Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) paradigms, to ensure model privacy while diminishing the resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Shi , Yuhui Zhang , Ziyue Huang , Xiaofeng Yang , Li Shen , Wei Chen , Xueqian Wang

Federated learning (FL) emerges as a popular distributed learning schema that learns a model from a set of participating users without sharing raw data. One major challenge of FL comes with heterogeneous users, who may have distributionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Junyuan Hong , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed industries and daily life by enabling widespread connectivity and data exchange. However, this increased interconnection has introduced serious security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hikmat A. M. Abdeljaber , Md. Alamgir Hossain , Sultan Ahmad , Ahmed Alsanad , Md Alimul Haque , Sudan Jha , Jabeen Nazeer

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach for training decentralized data located on local client devices while improving efficiency and privacy. However, the distribution and quantity of the training data on the clients' side may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Along with the increasing popularity of Deep Learning (DL) techniques, more and more Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems are adopting federated learning (FL) to enable privacy-aware collaborative learning among AIoT devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zekai Chen , Chentao Jia , Ming Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Anran Li , Mingsong Chen

Over the past few years, significant advancements have been made in the field of machine learning (ML) to address resource management, interference management, autonomy, and decision-making in wireless networks. Traditional ML approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Xiaonan Liu , Yansha Deng , Arumugam Nallanathan , Mehdi Bennis

As privacy concerns and data regulations grow, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models across decentralized data sources without sharing raw data. However, a significant challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jungwon Seo , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Chunming Rong

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm where a shared central model is learned across distributed edge devices while the training data remains on these devices. Federated Averaging (FedAvg) is the leading optimization method…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Yujing Chen , Yue Ning , Martin Slawski , Huzefa Rangwala

Federated Learning (FL) plays a critical role in distributed systems. In these systems, data privacy and confidentiality hold paramount importance, particularly within edge-based data processing systems such as IoT devices deployed in smart…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Humaid Ahmed Desai , Amr Hilal , Hoda Eldardiry

Federated Edge Learning (FEL) allows edge nodes to train a global deep learning model collaboratively for edge computing in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which significantly promotes the development of Industrial 4.0. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Yi Liu , Ruihui Zhao , Jiawen Kang , Abdulsalam Yassine , Dusit Niyato , Jialiang Peng

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) has increased interest in federated learning (FL) for privacy-preserving distributed data utilization. However, traditional two-tier FL architectures inadequately adapt to multi-tier IoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jiechao Gao , Yuangang Li , Yue Zhao , Brad Campbell

Federated learning (FL) enables wireless terminals to collaboratively learn a shared parameter model while keeping all the training data on devices per se. Parameter sharing consists of synchronous and asynchronous ways: the former…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haihui Xie , Minghua Xia , Peiran Wu , Shuai Wang , Kaibin Huang