Related papers: MedBayes-Lite: Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification…

Learning to infer Bayesian posterior from a few-shot dataset is an important step towards robust meta-learning due to the model uncertainty inherent in the problem. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian model-agnostic meta-learning…

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide interpretations for predictions made by learning machines, such as deep neural networks, in order to make the machines more transparent for the user and furthermore trustworthy also for applications in…

Both uncertainty estimation and interpretability are important factors for trustworthy machine learning systems. However, there is little work at the intersection of these two areas. We address this gap by proposing a novel method for…

The importance of uncertainty quantification is increasingly recognized in the diverse field of machine learning. Accurately assessing model prediction uncertainty can help provide deeper understanding and confidence for researchers and…

Although large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable of solving challenging real-world tasks, accurately quantifying their uncertainty remains a critical open problem--one that limits their applicability in high-stakes…

Recommending items to users has long been a fundamental task, and studies have tried to improve it ever since. Most well-known models commonly employ representation learning to map users and items into a unified embedding space for matching…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential in healthcare, particularly in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and decision-making through Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs). However, the successful implementation of these…

Modern epidemiological analytics increasingly use machine learning models that offer strong prediction but often lack calibrated uncertainty. Bayesian methods provide principled uncertainty quantification, yet are viewed as difficult to…

A reliable modeling of uncertain evidence in Bayesian networks based on a set-valued quantification is proposed. Both soft and virtual evidences are considered. We show that evidence propagation in this setup can be reduced to standard…

Transductive inference is an effective means of tackling the data deficiency problem in few-shot learning settings. A popular transductive inference technique for few-shot metric-based approaches, is to update the prototype of each class…

Large language models (LLMs) are often confidently wrong, making reliable uncertainty estimation (UE) essential. Output-based heuristics are cheap but brittle, while probing internal representations is effective yet high-dimensional and…

Uncertainty is a key feature of any machine learning model and is particularly important in neural networks, which tend to be overconfident. This overconfidence is worrying under distribution shifts, where the model performance silently…

This study proposes a novel approach to quantifying uncertainties of constitutive relations inferred from noisy experimental data using inverse modelling. We focus on electrochemical systems in which charged species (e.g., Lithium ions) are…

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for clinical use. They are often evaluated using datasets such as MedQA. However, Many medical datasets, such as MedQA, rely on simplified Question-Answering (Q\A) that underrepresents real-world…

Transitioning from Phase 2 to Phase 3 in drug development, at a rate of $\approx$40%, is the most stringent among phase transitions (Hay et al. (2014)). Yet, success rate at Phase 3 leading to approval is only $\approx$50% (Arrowsmith…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high-stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in healthcare applications, but its training and deployment faces challenges due to healthcare's diverse data, complex tasks, and the need to preserve privacy. Foundation models that…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce outputs that -- though plausible -- can lack consistency and reliability, particularly in ambiguous or complex scenarios. Challenges arise from ensuring that outputs align with both factual…

We propose Medical Entity Definition-based Sentence Embedding (MED-SE), a novel unsupervised contrastive learning framework designed for clinical texts, which exploits the definitions of medical entities. To this end, we conduct an…