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Large language models frequently exhibit suboptimal performance on low resource languages, primarily due to inefficient subword segmentation and systemic training data imbalances. In this paper, we propose Variable Entropy Policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chonghan Liu , Yimin Du , Qi An , Xin He , Cunqi Zhai , Fei Tan , Weijia Lin , Xiaochun Gong , Yongchao Deng , Shousheng Jia , Xiangzheng Zhang

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms allow us to combine model-generated data with those collected from interaction with the real system in order to alleviate the data efficiency problem in RL. However, designing such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yinlam Chow , Brandon Cui , MoonKyung Ryu , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown strong potential for mitigating hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal DPO approaches often suffer from overfitting due to the difficulty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Chuyu Zhang , Jiaxuan Sun , Xuming He

Embodied task planning demands vision-language models to generate action sequences that are both visually grounded and causally coherent over time. However, existing training paradigms face a critical trade-off: joint end-to-end training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuyuan Yang , Junkun Hong , Hongrong Wang , Honghao Cai , Xunpeng Ren , Ge Wang , Mingcong Lei , Shenhao Yan , Jiahao Yang , Chengsi Yao , Xi Li , Yiming Zhao , Yatong Han , Jinke Ren

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

In environments with delayed observation, state augmentation by including actions within the delay window is adopted to retrieve Markovian property to enable reinforcement learning (RL). However, state-of-the-art (SOTA) RL techniques with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Qingyuan Wu , Simon Sinong Zhan , Yixuan Wang , Yuhui Wang , Chung-Wei Lin , Chen Lv , Qi Zhu , Chao Huang

Enhancing the diversity of policies is beneficial for robustness, exploration, and transfer in reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we aim to seek diverse policies in an under-explored setting, namely RL tasks with structured action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Wenhao Li , Baoxiang Wang , Shanchao Yang , Hongyuan Zha

Most decentralized optimization algorithms are handcrafted. While endowed with strong theoretical guarantees, these algorithms generally target a broad class of problems, thereby not being adaptive or customized to specific problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Yutong He , Qiulin Shang , Xinmeng Huang , Jialin Liu , Kun Yuan

We present Decentralized Distributed Proximal Policy Optimization (DD-PPO), a method for distributed reinforcement learning in resource-intensive simulated environments. DD-PPO is distributed (uses multiple machines), decentralized (lacks a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Erik Wijmans , Abhishek Kadian , Ari Morcos , Stefan Lee , Irfan Essa , Devi Parikh , Manolis Savva , Dhruv Batra

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

The rapid evolution of Embodied AI has enabled Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to excel in multimodal perception and task execution. However, applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to these massive models in large-scale distributed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yucheng Guo , Yongjian Guo , Zhong Guan , Wen Huang , Haoran Sun , Haodong Yue , Xiaolong Xiang , Shuai Di , Zhen Sun , Luqiao Wang , Junwu Xiong , Yicheng Gong

Recent progress in state-only imitation learning extends the scope of applicability of imitation learning to real-world settings by relieving the need for observing expert actions. However, existing solutions only learn to extract a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Minghuan Liu , Zhengbang Zhu , Yuzheng Zhuang , Weinan Zhang , Jianye Hao , Yong Yu , Jun Wang

Aligning large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) for complex reasoning via reinforcement learning is often hampered by the limitations of existing policy optimization algorithms, such as static training schedules and the rigid, uniform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yunhao Wang , Ziting Li , Shuai Chen , Tao Liu , Chao Song , Junjie Jiang , Jian Zhu , Peng Gao , Bin Qin

The role of reinforcement learning (RL) in enhancing the reasoning of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly significant. Despite the success of RL in many scenarios, there are still many challenges in improving the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jiacai Liu , Chaojie Wang , Chris Yuhao Liu , Liang Zeng , Rui Yan , Yiwen Sun , Yang Liu , Yahui Zhou

Decentralized policy optimization has been commonly used in cooperative multi-agent tasks. However, since all agents are updating their policies simultaneously, from the perspective of individual agents, the environment is non-stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Hao Luo , Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but their reliance on expert demonstrations limits their ability to learn from failures and perform self-corrections. Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fangqi Zhu , Zhengyang Yan , Zicong Hong , Quanxin Shou , Xiao Ma , Song Guo

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms often require a large amount of data and struggle in sparse-reward domains with long planning horizons and multiple sub-goals. In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic extension of Proximal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Simone Murari , Celeste Veronese , Daniele Meli

The rapidly increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise an urgent need to align AI systems with diverse human preferences to simultaneously enhance their usefulness and safety, despite the often conflicting nature of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zixuan Liu , Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

Video action models are an appealing foundation for Vision--Language--Action systems because they can learn visual dynamics from large-scale video data and transfer this knowledge to downstream robot control. Yet current diffusion-based…

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful framework for solving sequential decision-making problems, achieving remarkable success in a wide range of applications, including game AI, autonomous driving, biomedicine, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yinghan Sun , Hongxi Wang , Hua Chen , Wei Zhang