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Sample efficiency and exploration remain critical challenges in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), particularly in complex domains. Offline RL, which enables agents to learn optimal policies from static, pre-collected datasets, has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Gaurav Chaudhary , Wassim Uddin Mondal , Laxmidhar Behera

A promising paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (RL) is to constrain the learned policy to stay close to the dataset behaviors, known as policy constraint offline RL. However, existing works heavily rely on the purity of the data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Chengqian Gao , Ke Xu , Liu Liu , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao , Zhiqiang Xu

Recent advancements in offline reinforcement learning (RL) have underscored the capabilities of Return-Conditioned Supervised Learning (RCSL), a paradigm that learns the action distribution based on target returns for each state in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yuanfu Wang , Chao Yang , Ying Wen , Yu Liu , Yu Qiao

Reinforcement learning (RL) in robotics faces significant hurdles regarding sample efficiency and generalization across varying goals. While Offline RL mitigates the need for costly online interactions, its integration with goal-conditioned…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Paweł Gajewski , Dominik Żurek , Marcin Pietroń , Kamil Faber

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy from a static dataset without further interactions with the environment. Collecting sufficiently large datasets for offline RL is exhausting since this data collection requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jongchan Park , Mingyu Park , Donghwan Lee

The pretrain-finetuning paradigm in large-scale sequence models has made significant progress in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, such a paradigm is still hindered by several challenges in Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Runji Lin , Ye Li , Xidong Feng , Zhaowei Zhang , Xian Hong Wu Fung , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yali Du , Yaodong Yang

One of the key challenges of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the ability of agents to generalise their learned policy to unseen settings. Moreover, training RL agents requires large numbers of interactions with the environment. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Alain Andres , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht , Javier Del Ser

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

This work studies offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) in a class of non-Markovian environments called Regular Decision Processes (RDPs). In RDPs, the unknown dependency of future observations and rewards from the past interactions can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ahana Deb , Roberto Cipollone , Anders Jonsson , Alessandro Ronca , Mohammad Sadegh Talebi

Model-based offline reinforcement learning trains policies using pre-collected datasets and learned environment models, eliminating the need for direct real-world environment interaction. However, this paradigm is inherently challenged by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Wang Luo , Haoran Li , Zicheng Zhang , Congying Han , Chi Zhou , Jiayu Lv , Tiande Guo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted for controlling and optimizing complex engineering systems such as next-generation wireless networks. An important challenge in adopting RL is the need for direct access to the physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Eslam Eldeeb , Houssem Sifaou , Osvaldo Simeone , Mohammad Shehab , Hirley Alves

Offline reinforcement learning algorithms promise to be applicable in settings where a fixed dataset is available and no new experience can be acquired. However, such formulation is inevitably offline-data-hungry and, in practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Jinxin Liu , Hongyin Zhang , Donglin Wang

Ensuring reliability in modern software systems requires rigorous pre-production testing across highly heterogeneous and evolving environments. Because exhaustive evaluation is infeasible, practitioners must decide how to allocate limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yu Zhu

We study the problem of safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a policy that maximizes long-term reward while satisfying safety constraints given only offline data, without further interaction with the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Haoran Xu , Xianyuan Zhan , Xiangyu Zhu

To obtain a near-optimal policy with fewer interactions in Reinforcement Learning (RL), a promising approach involves the combination of offline RL, which enhances sample efficiency by leveraging offline datasets, and online RL, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Xiaoyu Wen , Xudong Yu , Rui Yang , Haoyuan Chen , Chenjia Bai , Zhen Wang

Leveraging many sources of offline robot data requires grappling with the heterogeneity of such data. In this paper, we focus on one particular aspect of heterogeneity: learning from offline data collected at different control frequencies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Kaylee Burns , Tianhe Yu , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Sequential decision making algorithms often struggle to leverage different sources of unstructured offline interaction data. Imitation learning (IL) methods based on supervised learning are robust, but require optimal demonstrations, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Joey Hejna , Jensen Gao , Dorsa Sadigh

We present Q-chunking, a simple yet effective recipe for improving reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks. Our recipe is designed for the offline-to-online RL setting, where the goal is to leverage an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qiyang Li , Zhiyuan Zhou , Sergey Levine

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been a promising solution to many complex decision-making problems. Nevertheless, the notorious weakness in generalization among environments prevent widespread application of DRL agents in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Tong Sang , Hongyao Tang , Yi Ma , Jianye Hao , Yan Zheng , Zhaopeng Meng , Boyan Li , Zhen Wang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising approach to avoid costly online interaction with the real environment. However, the performance of offline RL highly depends on the quality of the datasets, which may cause…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yiwen Hou , Haoyuan Sun , Jinming Ma , Feng Wu