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In this paper, we study a class of unbalanced step-reinforced random walks that unifies the elephant random walk, the positively step-reinforced random walk, and the negatively step-reinforced random walk. By establishing a connection with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Zhishui Hu , Liang Dong

The elephant random walk (ERW) is a microscopic, one-dimensional, discrete-time, non-Markovian random walk, which can lead to anomalous diffusion due to memory effects. In this study, I propose a multi-dimensional generalization in which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-12-02 Vitor M. Marquioni

We study how memory impacts passages at the origin for a so-called elephant random walk in the diffusive regime. We observe that the number of zeros always grows asymptotically like the square root of the time, despite the fact that,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Jean Bertoin

In the simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the Elephant random walk(ERW), which was introduced by Schuetz and Trimper in 2004, the next step always depends on the whole path so far.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

We explore the impact of long-range memory on the properties of a family of quantum walks in a one-dimensional lattice and discrete time, which can be understood as the quantum version of the classical "Elephant Random Walk" non-Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Silvio M. Duarte Queiros

In the classical simple random walk the steps are independent, viz., the walker has no memory. In contrast, in the elephant random walk which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the walker remembers the whole past, and the next…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

Gut and Stadm\"{u}ller (2021, 2022) initiated the study of the elephant random walk with limited memory. Aguech and El Machkouri (2024) published a paper in which they discuss an extension of results by Gut and Stadtm\"{u}ller (2022) for an…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Rahul Roy , Masato Takei , Hideki Tanemura

We prove functional central limit theorems for the dynamic elephant random walk in the $\sqrt{n}$ and $\sqrt{n\log n}$ orders, by applying the martingale convergence theorem and Karamata's theory of regular variation.

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Go Tokumitsu

We prove a conjecture by Bertoin that the multi-dimensional elephant random walk on $\mathbb{Z}^d$($d\geq 3$) is transient and the expected number of zeros is finite. We also provide some estimates on the rate of escape. In dimensions $d=…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Shuo Qin

One class of random walks with infinite memory, so called elephant random walks, are simple models describing anomalous diffusion. We present a surprising connection between these models and bond percolation on random recursive trees. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-23 Rüdiger Kürsten

We study the long time behavior of the elephant random walk with stops, introduced by Kumar, Harbola and Lindenberg (2010), and establish the phase transition of the number of visited points up to time $n$, and the correlation between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Tatsuya Akimoto , Masato Takei , Keisuke Taniguchi

We give a short proof of the recurrence of the two-dimensional elephant random walk in the diffusive regime. This was recently established by Shuo Qin, but our proof only uses very rough comparison with the standard plane random walk. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Nicolas Curien , Lucile Laulin

We study a model of market economics wherein the $(n+1)$-st customer, for each $n\geqslant N$, with $N$ being a prespecified positive integer, draws a sample of (random) size $K_{n}$, either with replacement or without, from the customers…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Sooraj M , Moumanti Podder , Archi Roy

When the memory parameter of the elephant random walk is above a critical threshold, the process becomes superdiffusive and, once suitably normalised, converges to a non-Gaussian random variable. In a recent paper by the three first…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Hélène Guérin , Lucile Laulin , Kilian Raschel , Thomas Simon

We establish stable functional central limit theorems for scaled elephant random walks in the diffusive, critical, and superdiffusive cases using the martingale approach.

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Go Tokumitsu

Elephant random walk, introduced to study the effect of memory on random walks, is a novel type of walk that incorporates the information of one randomly chosen past step to determine the future step. However, memory of a process can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

A step-reinforced random walk is a discrete-time stochastic process with long-range dependence. At each step, with a fixed probability $\alpha$, the so-called positively step-reinforced random walk repeats one of its previous steps, chosen…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Rafik Aguech , Samir Ben Hariz , Mohamed El Machkouri , Youssef Faouzi

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of times the elephant random walk in the critical regime visits the origin. Our result entails that most zeros of the critical elephant random walk occur shortly before its last passage time…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Zheng Fang

The purpose of this paper is to establish, via a martingale approach, some refinements on the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional elephant random walk (ERW). The asymptotic behavior of the ERW mainly depends on a memory parameter $p$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Bernard Bercu

We consider a discrete-time random walk where the random increment at time step $t$ depends on the full history of the process. We calculate exactly the mean and variance of the position and discuss its dependence on the initial condition…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gunter M. Schütz , Steffen Trimper