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Despite growing interest in incorporating feedback to improve language models, most efforts focus only on sequence-level annotations. In this work, we explore the potential of utilizing fine-grained span-level annotations from offline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Lily H. Zhang , Hamid Dadkhahi , Mara Finkelstein , Firas Trabelsi , Jiaming Luo , Markus Freitag

Data quality describes the degree to which data meet specific requirements and are fit for use by humans and/or downstream tasks (e.g., artificial intelligence). Data quality can be assessed across multiple high-level concepts called…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Vasileios Papastergios , Lisa Ehrlinger , Anastasios Gounaris

Third-party annotation is the status quo for labeling text, but egocentric information such as sentiment and belief can at best only be approximated by a third-person proxy. We introduce author labeling, an annotation technique where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Marcus Ma , Cole Johnson , Nolan Bridges , Jackson Trager , Georgios Chochlakis , Shrikanth Narayanan

The performance of current supervised AI systems is tightly connected to the availability of annotated datasets. Annotations are usually collected through annotation tools, which are often designed for specific tasks and are difficult to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Naihao Deng , Yikai Liu , Mingye Chen , Winston Wu , Siyang Liu , Yulong Chen , Yue Zhang , Rada Mihalcea

While high data quality (DQ) is critical for analytics, compliance, and AI performance, data quality management (DQM) remains a complex, resource-intensive, and often manual process. This study investigates the extent to which existing…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Heidi Carolina Tamm , Anastasija Nikiforova

Personalization, while extensively studied in conventional autonomous driving pipelines, has been largely overlooked in the context of end-to-end autonomous driving (E2EAD), despite its critical role in fostering user trust, safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ruiyang Hao , Bowen Jing , Haibao Yu , Zaiqing Nie

High-quality data annotation is an essential but laborious and costly aspect of developing machine learning-based software. We explore the inherent tradeoff between annotation accuracy and cost by detecting and removing minority reports --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hsuan Wei Liao , Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann , Rafid Mahmood

Computational engine sound modeling is central to the automotive audio industry, particularly for active sound design, virtual prototyping, and emerging data-driven engine sound synthesis methods. These applications require large volumes of…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Robin Doerfler , Lonce Wyse

Artificial intelligence has transformed numerous industries, from healthcare to finance, enhancing decision-making through automated systems. However, the reliability of these systems is mainly dependent on the quality of the underlying…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tadesse K. Bahiru , Haileleol Tibebu , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are becoming key components in an autonomous vehicle (AV), especially in handling complicated perception tasks. However, closing the loop through AI-based feedback may pose significant risks on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Tao Yan , Zheyu Zhang , Jingjing Jiang , Wen-Hua Chen

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, wildlife preservation, autonomous driving and criminal justice system calls for a data-centric approach to AI. Data scientists spend the majority of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Arumoy Shome , Luis Cruz , Arie van Deursen

Training a real-time gesture recognition model heavily relies on annotated data. However, manual data annotation is costly and demands substantial human effort. In order to address this challenge, we propose a framework that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junxiao Shen , Xuhai Xu , Ran Tan , Amy Karlson , Evan Strasnick

The rapid expansion of large language model (LLM) safety evaluation has produced a substantial benchmark ecosystem, but not a correspondingly coherent measurement ecosystem. We present AISafetyBenchExplorer, a structured catalogue of 195 AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Abiodun A. Solanke

In large organisations, identifying experts on a given topic is crucial in leveraging the internal knowledge spread across teams and departments. So-called enterprise expert retrieval systems automatically discover and structure employees'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Automatic medical image segmentation plays a critical role in scientific research and medical care. Existing high-performance deep learning methods typically rely on large training datasets with high-quality manual annotations, which are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-17 Shanshan Wang , Cheng Li , Rongpin Wang , Zaiyi Liu , Meiyun Wang , Hongna Tan , Yaping Wu , Xinfeng Liu , Hui Sun , Rui Yang , Xin Liu , Jie Chen , Huihui Zhou , Ismail Ben Ayed , Hairong Zheng

Annotation guidelines used to guide the annotation of training and evaluation datasets can have a considerable impact on the quality of machine learning models. In this study, we explore the effects of annotation guidelines on the quality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Faiz Ali Shah , Kairit Sirts , Dietmar Pfahl

Annotator disagreement is ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. There are multiple reasons for such disagreements, including the subjectivity of the task, difficult cases, unclear guidelines, and so on. Rather than simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Naihao Deng , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Siyang Liu , Winston Wu , Lu Wang , Rada Mihalcea

In the contemporary world of AI and data-driven applications, supervised machines often derive their understanding, which they mimic and reproduce, through annotations--typically conveyed in the form of words or labels. However, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Valentina Presutti

Federated learning has emerged as a compelling paradigm for medical image segmentation, particularly in light of increasing privacy concerns. However, most of the existing research relies on relatively stringent assumptions regarding the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yangyang Xiang , Nannan Wu , Li Yu , Xin Yang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Zengqiang Yan

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger