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Motivation: The clinical efficacy of antibody therapeutics critically depends on high-affinity target engagement, yet laboratory affinity-maturation campaigns are slow and costly. In computational settings, most protein language models…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Xinyan Zhao , Yi-Ching Tang , Rivaaj Monsia , Victor J. Cantu , Ashwin Kumar Ramesh , Xiaozhong Liu , Zhiqiang An , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim

Generalization beyond training data remains a central challenge in machine learning for biology. A common way to enhance generalization is self-supervised pre-training on large datasets. However, aiming to perform well on all possible…

Drug discovery represents a time-consuming and financially intensive process, and virtual screening can accelerate it. Scoring functions, as one of the tools guiding virtual screening, have their precision closely tied to screening…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haotian Gao , Xiangying Zhang , Jingyuan Li , Xinchong Chen , Haojie Wang , Yifei Qi , Renxiao Wang

Protein language models (pLMs) pre-trained on vast protein sequence databases excel at various downstream tasks but often lack the structural knowledge essential for some biological applications. To address this, we introduce a method to…

Fine-tuning Pre-trained protein language models (PLMs) has emerged as a prominent strategy for enhancing downstream prediction tasks, often outperforming traditional supervised learning approaches. As a widely applied powerful technique in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Bingxin Zhou , Bozitao Zhong , Lirong Zheng , Pan Tan , Ziyi Zhou , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan , Liang Hong

Protein structure prediction is a challenging and unsolved problem in computer science. Proteins are the sequence of amino acids connected together by single peptide bond. The combinations of the twenty primary amino acids are the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Mahmood A. Rashid , Firas Khatib , Abdul Sattar

While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This book aims…

Background:Typically, proteins perform key biological functions by interacting with each other. As a consequence, predicting which protein pairs interact is a fundamental problem. Experimental methods are slow, expensive, and may be error…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-08 Leonardo Martini , Adriano Fazzone , Luca Becchetti

Computational models that accurately predict the binding affinity of an input protein-chemical pair can accelerate drug discovery studies. These models are trained on available protein-chemical interaction datasets, which may contain…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-10 Rıza Özçelik , Alperen Bağ , Berk Atıl , Melih Barsbey , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Özkırımlı

MOTIVATION: Proteins fold into complex structures that are crucial for their biological functions. Experimental determination of protein structures is costly and therefore limited to a small fraction of all known proteins. Hence, different…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-18 David Menéndez Hurtado , Karolis Uziela , Arne Elofsson

The latest biological findings observe that the traditional motionless 'lock-and-key' theory is not generally applicable because the receptor and ligand are constantly moving. Nonetheless, remarkable changes in associated atomic sites and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Fang Wu , Shuting Jin , Yinghui Jiang , Xurui Jin , Bowen Tang , Zhangming Niu , Xiangrong Liu , Qiang Zhang , Xiangxiang Zeng , Stan Z. Li

Understanding protein structure-function relationships is a key challenge in computational biology, with applications across the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. While it is known that protein structure directly impacts protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-02 Nicolas Swenson , Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Aydin Buluc , Dmitriy Morozov , Katherine Yelick

The de novo design of ligand-binding proteins with tailored functions is essential for advancing biotechnology and molecular medicine, yet existing AI approaches are limited by scarce protein-ligand complex data. To circumvent this data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhenqiao Song , Ramith Hettiarachchi , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Lei Li

Many applications of machine learning methods involve an iterative protocol in which data are collected, a model is trained, and then outputs of that model are used to choose what data to consider next. For example, one data-driven approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Clara Fannjiang , Stephen Bates , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Jennifer Listgarten , Michael I. Jordan

Retrieving homologous protein sequences is essential for a broad range of protein modeling tasks such as fitness prediction, protein design, structure modeling, and protein-protein interactions. Traditional workflows have relied on a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-11 Ruben Weitzman , Peter Mørch Groth , Lood Van Niekerk , Aoi Otani , Yarin Gal , Debora Marks , Pascal Notin

Designing novel functional proteins crucially depends on accurately modeling their fitness landscape. Given the limited availability of functional annotations from wet-lab experiments, previous methods have primarily relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zuobai Zhang , Pascal Notin , Yining Huang , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Debora Marks , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Protein function does not solely depend on structure but often relies on dynamical transitions between distinct conformations. Despite this fact, our ability to characterize or predict protein dynamics is substantially less developed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-08 Michael A. Sauer , Souvik Mondal , Brandon Neff , Sthitadhi Maiti , Matthias Heyden

Correlation patterns in multiple sequence alignments of homologous proteins can be exploited to infer information on the three-dimensional structure of their members. The typical pipeline to address this task, which we in this paper refer…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-18 Christoph Feinauer , Marcin J. Skwark , Andrea Pagnani , Erik Aurell

Recently, persistent homology has had tremendous success in biomolecular data analysis. It works by examining the topological relationship or connectivity of a group of atoms in a molecule at a variety of scales, then rendering a family of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-27 David Bramer , Guo-Wei Wei

Protein post-translational modification (PTM) site prediction is a fundamental task in bioinformatics. Several computational methods have been developed to predict PTM sites. However, existing methods ignore the structure information and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-19 Zhengyi Li , Menglu Li , Lida Zhu , Wen Zhang