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The performance of modern AI systems is fundamentally constrained by the quality of their underlying kernels, which translate high-level algorithmic semantics into low-level hardware operations. Achieving near-optimal kernels requires…

Emerging AI accelerators have started to gain attention and offer new opportunities for efficient inference of large language models (LLMs). Trainium, an AI accelerator recently developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS), provides an attractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Dinghong Song , Jierui Xu , Weichu Yang , Pengfei Su , Dong Li

To meet the ever-increasing demand for computational efficiency, Neural Processing Units (NPUs) have become critical in modern AI infrastructure. However, unlocking their full potential requires developing high-performance compute kernels…

The efficiency of GPU kernels is central to the progress of modern AI, yet optimizing them remains a difficult and labor-intensive task due to complex interactions between memory hierarchies, thread scheduling, and hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Juncheng Dong , Yang Yang , Tao Liu , Yang Wang , Feng Qi , Vahid Tarokh , Kaushik Rangadurai , Shuang Yang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

In recent research advancements within the community, large language models (LLMs) have sparked great interest in creating autonomous agents. However, current prompt-based agents often heavily rely on large-scale LLMs. Meanwhile, although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xueyang Feng , Bo Lan , Quanyu Dai , Lei Wang , Jiakai Tang , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Building self-improving AI systems remains a fundamental challenge in the AI domain. We present NNGPT, an open-source framework that turns a large language model (LLM) into a self-improving AutoML engine for neural network development,…

Improving GPU kernel efficiency is crucial for advancing AI systems. Recent work has explored leveraging large language models (LLMs) for GPU kernel generation and optimization. However, existing LLM-based kernel optimization pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Qitong Sun , Jun Han , Tianlin Li , Zhe Tang , Sheng Chen , Fei Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Yang Liu

Automatic code optimization remains a difficult challenge, particularly for complex loop nests on modern hardware. This paper investigates a novel approach to code optimization where Large Language Models (LLMs) guide the process through a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Massinissa Merouani , Islem Kara Bernou , Riyadh Baghdadi

Hardware accelerators, especially those designed for tensor processing, have become ubiquitous in today's computing landscape. However, even with significant efforts in building compilers, programming these tensor accelerators remains…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Charles Hong , Sahil Bhatia , Alvin Cheung , Yakun Sophia Shao

Agentic multimodal large language models (MLLMs) (e.g., OpenAI o3 and Gemini Agentic Vision) achieve remarkable reasoning capabilities through iterative visual tool invocation. However, the cascaded perception, reasoning, and tool-calling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haoyu Huang , Jinfa Huang , Zhongwei Wan , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji , Jiebo Luo

Optimization modeling underlies critical decision-making across industries, yet remains difficult to automate: natural-language problem descriptions must be translated into precise mathematical formulations and executable solver code.…

Performance profiles of GPU kernels generated by tools such as Nsight Compute are rich in detail but are often challenging to interpret. To achieve the best performance possible on a given GPU architecture, kernel developers need to spend…

The ReAct (Reasoning + Action) capability in large language models (LLMs) has become the foundation of modern agentic systems. Recent LLMs, such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1/o3, exemplify this by emphasizing reasoning through the generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mrinal Rawat , Ambuje Gupta , Rushil Goomer , Alessandro Di Bari , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, yet their enormous computational demands severely limit deployment and real-time performance. Quantization methods can help reduce computational costs, however, attaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Recent large language model (LLM) agents have shown promise in using execution feedback for test-time adaptation. However, robust self-improvement remains far from solved: most approaches still treat each problem instance independently,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in Register Transfer Level (RTL) design, enabling high-quality code generation from natural language descriptions. However, LLMs alone face significant limitations in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ahmed Allam , Youssef Mansour , Mohamed Shalan

Optimizing an experimental system can be extremely challenging when each experiment is expensive, time-consuming, or difficult to perform. Existing optimizers for expensive black-box problems, such as Bayesian optimization, are typically…

Optimizing large-language model (LLM) training on distributed domain-specific accelerator systems presents significant challenges due to its complex optimization space. Existing optimization methods, however, rely on time-consuming manual…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuran Ding , Xinwei Chen , Xiaofan Zhang , Zongwei Zhou

Agent skills today are hand-crafted, generated one-shot, or evolved through loosely controlled self-revision, none of which behaves like a deep-learning optimizer for the skill, and none of which reliably improves over its starting point…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yifan Yang , Ziyang Gong , Weiquan Huang , Qihao Yang , Ziwei Zhou , Zisu Huang , Yan Li , Xuemei Gao , Qi Dai , Bei Liu , Kai Qiu , Yuqing Yang , Dongdong Chen , Xue Yang , Chong Luo
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