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While large audio-language models (LALMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art audio understanding, their reasoning capability in complex soundscapes still falls behind large vision-language models (LVLMs). Compared to the visual domain, one…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Qiaolin Wang , Xilin Jiang , Linyang He , Junkai Wu , Nima Mesgarani

Recent advancements in large audio language models have extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning into the auditory domain, enabling models to tackle increasingly complex acoustic and spoken tasks. To elicit and sustain these extended…

This paper presents Step-Audio 2, an end-to-end multi-modal large language model designed for industry-strength audio understanding and speech conversation. By integrating a latent audio encoder and reasoning-centric reinforcement learning…

Real-time speech interaction, serving as a fundamental interface for human-machine collaboration, holds immense potential. However, current open-source models face limitations such as high costs in voice data collection, weakness in dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ailin Huang , Boyong Wu , Bruce Wang , Chao Yan , Chen Hu , Chengli Feng , Fei Tian , Feiyu Shen , Jingbei Li , Mingrui Chen , Peng Liu , Ruihang Miao , Wang You , Xi Chen , Xuerui Yang , Yechang Huang , Yuxiang Zhang , Zheng Gong , Zixin Zhang , Hongyu Zhou , Jianjian Sun , Brian Li , Chengting Feng , Changyi Wan , Hanpeng Hu , Jianchang Wu , Jiangjie Zhen , Ranchen Ming , Song Yuan , Xuelin Zhang , Yu Zhou , Bingxin Li , Buyun Ma , Hongyuan Wang , Kang An , Wei Ji , Wen Li , Xuan Wen , Xiangwen Kong , Yuankai Ma , Yuanwei Liang , Yun Mou , Bahtiyar Ahmidi , Bin Wang , Bo Li , Changxin Miao , Chen Xu , Chenrun Wang , Dapeng Shi , Deshan Sun , Dingyuan Hu , Dula Sai , Enle Liu , Guanzhe Huang , Gulin Yan , Heng Wang , Haonan Jia , Haoyang Zhang , Jiahao Gong , Junjing Guo , Jiashuai Liu , Jiahong Liu , Jie Feng , Jie Wu , Jiaoren Wu , Jie Yang , Jinguo Wang , Jingyang Zhang , Junzhe Lin , Kaixiang Li , Lei Xia , Li Zhou , Liang Zhao , Longlong Gu , Mei Chen , Menglin Wu , Ming Li , Mingxiao Li , Mingliang Li , Mingyao Liang , Na Wang , Nie Hao , Qiling Wu , Qinyuan Tan , Ran Sun , Shuai Shuai , Shaoliang Pang , Shiliang Yang , Shuli Gao , Shanshan Yuan , Siqi Liu , Shihong Deng , Shilei Jiang , Sitong Liu , Tiancheng Cao , Tianyu Wang , Wenjin Deng , Wuxun Xie , Weipeng Ming , Wenqing He , Wen Sun , Xin Han , Xin Huang , Xiaomin Deng , Xiaojia Liu , Xin Wu , Xu Zhao , Yanan Wei , Yanbo Yu , Yang Cao , Yangguang Li , Yangzhen Ma , Yanming Xu , Yaoyu Wang , Yaqiang Shi , Yilei Wang , Yizhuang Zhou , Yinmin Zhong , Yang Zhang , Yaoben Wei , Yu Luo , Yuanwei Lu , Yuhe Yin , Yuchu Luo , Yuanhao Ding , Yuting Yan , Yaqi Dai , Yuxiang Yang , Zhe Xie , Zheng Ge , Zheng Sun , Zhewei Huang , Zhichao Chang , Zhisheng Guan , Zidong Yang , Zili Zhang , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Heung-Yeung Shum , Jiansheng Chen , Jing Li , Shuchang Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Yibo Zhu

Reasoning has become a defining capability of modern foundation models, yet its development in the audio modality remains limited. Audio poses challenges that are distinct from those of text and vision. It is continuous, temporally dense,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Zhihan Guo , Wenqian Cui , Guan-Ting Lin , Daxin Tan , Jingyao Li , Qiyong Zheng , Dingdong Wang , Jing Xiong , Han Shi , Jiaya Jia , Irwin King

Recent advancements in large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown strong capabilities in audio understanding. However, most systems rely solely on end-to-end reasoning, limiting interpretability and accuracy for tasks that require structured…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kuan-Yi Lee , Tsung-En Lin , Hung-Yi Lee

Surgical scene understanding demands not only accurate predictions but also interpretable reasoning that surgeons can verify against clinical expertise. However, existing surgical vision-language models generate predictions without…

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made significant progress in audio understanding, yet they primarily operate as perception-and-answer systems without explicit reasoning processes. Existing methods for enhancing audio reasoning rely…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiang He , Chenxing Li , Jinting Wang , Yan Rong , Tianxin Xie , Wenfu Wang , Li Liu , Dong Yu

The role of reasoning in Audio Large Language Models remains widely underexplored, as introducing a reasoning process often degrades rather than improves performance during inference, a phenomenon we term test-time inverse scaling, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiajun Fan , Roger Ren , Jingyuan Li , Rahul Pandey , Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Ivan Bulyko , Ankur Gandhe , Ge Liu , Yile Gu

Recent advancements in multimodal reasoning have largely overlooked the audio modality. We introduce Audio-Reasoner, a large-scale audio language model for deep reasoning in audio tasks. We meticulously curated a large-scale and diverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhifei Xie , Mingbao Lin , Zihang Liu , Pengcheng Wu , Shuicheng Yan , Chunyan Miao

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are proficient at generating explicit, step-by-step reasoning sequences before producing final answers. However, such detailed reasoning can introduce substantial computational overhead and latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Songjun Tu , Jiahao Lin , Qichao Zhang , Xiangyu Tian , Linjing Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongbin Zhao

While large language models have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities, their extension to the audio modality, particularly within large audio-language models (LALMs), remains underexplored. Addressing this gap requires a systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingjian Diao , Chunhui Zhang , Keyi Kong , Weiyi Wu , Chiyu Ma , Zhongyu Ouyang , Peijun Qing , Soroush Vosoughi , Jiang Gui

Large language models have recently evolved from fluent text generation to advanced reasoning across diverse domains, giving rise to reasoning language models. Among these domains, mathematical reasoning serves as a representative benchmark…

We present Audio Flamingo Next (AF-Next), the next-generation and most capable large audio-language model in the Audio Flamingo series, designed to advance understanding and reasoning over speech, environmental sounds and music. Compared to…

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

As multimodal content continues to expand at a rapid pace, audio retrieval has emerged as a key enabling technology for media search, content organization, and intelligent assistants. However, most existing benchmarks concentrate on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Honglei Zhang , Yuting Chen , Chenpeng Hu , Siyue Zhang , Yilei Shi

Audio deep reasoning is a challenging task that requires expert-level perception, multi-step logical inference, and the integration of contextual knowledge. However, existing models suffer from a gap between audio perception and reasoning…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yan Rong , Chenxing Li , Dong Yu , Li Liu

Recent advancements in large language models, multimodal large language models, and large audio language models (LALMs) have significantly improved their reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with rule-based rewards.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shu Wu , Chenxing Li , Wenfu Wang , Hao Zhang , Hualei Wang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

While large audio language models excel at tasks like ASR and emotion recognition, they still struggle with complex reasoning due to the modality gap between audio and text as well as the lack of structured intermediate supervision. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Runyan Yang , Yuke Si , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Multimodal Audio-Language Models (ALMs) can understand and reason over both audio and text. Typically, reasoning performance correlates with model size, with the best results achieved by models exceeding 8 billion parameters. However, no…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soham Deshmukh , Satvik Dixit , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj
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