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Related papers: Securing AI Agents Against Prompt Injection Attack…

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Prompt injection is the most critical vulnerability in deployed AI agents. Despite recent progress, we show that the prevailing defense paradigm (data-instruction separation) both fails to detect attacks that operate through contextual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sahar Abdelnabi , Eugene Bagdasarian

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the capabilities of modern large language models (LLMs), by anchoring, adapting, and personalizing their responses to the most relevant knowledge sources. It is particularly useful in chatbot…

Prompt injection attacks pose a critical threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling goal hijacking and data leakage. Prompt guard models, though effective in defense, suffer from over-defense -- falsely flagging benign inputs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hao Li , Xiaogeng Liu

Modern language models have enabled the development of agentic systems that achieve strong performance on reasoning-intensive tasks. Unfortunately, this has come with a security cost; these systems are vulnerable to prompt injection, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dennis Jacob , Emad Alghamdi , Zhanhao Hu , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

Existing AI agent safety benchmarks focus on generic criminal harm (cybercrime, harassment, weapon synthesis), leaving a systematic blind spot for a distinct and commercially consequential threat category: agents harming their own…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Dongcheng Zhang , Yiqing Jiang

AI agents aim to solve complex tasks by combining text-based reasoning with external tool calls. Unfortunately, AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks where data returned by external tools hijacks the agent to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Edoardo Debenedetti , Jie Zhang , Mislav Balunović , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Florian Tramèr

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of applications. However, their practical deployment is often hindered by issues such as outdated knowledge and the tendency to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Haozhen Wang , Haoyue Liu , Jionghao Zhu , Zhichao Wang , Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang

LLM-powered applications routinely embed secrets in system prompts, yet models can be tricked into revealing them. We built an adaptive attacker that evolves its strategies over hundreds of rounds and tested it against nine defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Priyal Deep , Shane Emmons , Amy Fox , Kyle Bacon , Kelley McAllister , Peter Ortiz , Krisztian Flautner

AI agents that autonomously interact with external tools and environments have shown great promise across real-world applications. However, their reliance on external data exposes them to serious indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Li , Ruoyao Wen , Shanghao Shi , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Chaowei Xiao

As AI agents become more widely deployed, we are likely to see an increasing number of incidents: events involving AI agent use that directly or indirectly cause harm. For example, agents could be prompt-injected to exfiltrate private…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Carson Ezell , Xavier Roberts-Gaal , Alan Chan

Embedded into information systems, artificial intelligence (AI) faces security threats that exploit AI-specific vulnerabilities. This paper provides an accessible overview of adversarial attacks unique to predictive and generative AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Naoto Kiribuchi , Kengo Zenitani , Takayuki Semitsu

The rise of Large Language Model (LLM) agents, augmented with tool use, skills, and external knowledge, has introduced new security risks. Among them, prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions into the agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shihao Weng , Yang Feng , Jinrui Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Jiongchi Yu , Jia Liu

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly adopted across sectors, the need for robust, proactive security strategies is paramount. Traditional defensive measures often fall short against the unique and evolving threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Josh Harguess , Chris M. Ward

Agentic AI and Multi-Agent Systems are poised to dominate industry and society imminently. Powered by goal-driven autonomy, they represent a powerful form of generative AI, marking a transition from reactive content generation into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Brian Bowers , Smita Khapre , Jugal Kalita

Evolving AI systems increasingly deploy multi-agent architectures where autonomous agents collaborate, share information, and delegate tasks through developing protocols. This connectivity, while powerful, introduces novel security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Gauri Sharma , Vidhi Kulkarni , Miles King , Ken Huang

Evaluating the security of multi-agent systems (MASs) powered by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, primarily because of the systems' complex internal dynamics and the evolving nature of LLM vulnerabilities. Traditional attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Akansha Shukla , David Tayouri , Beni Ifland , Yuval Elovici , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow increasingly powerful, multi-agent systems are becoming more prevalent in modern AI applications. Most safety research, however, has focused on vulnerabilities in single-agent LLMs. These include prompt…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Donghyun Lee , Mo Tiwari

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an advanced technique designed to address the challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC). By integrating context retrieval into content generation, RAG provides reliable and…

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

Web agents can autonomously complete online tasks by interacting with websites, but their exposure to open web environments makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks embedded in HTML content or visual interfaces. Existing guard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tri Cao , Yulin Chen , Hieu Cao , Yibo Li , Khoi Le , Thong Nguyen , Yuexin Li , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi