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Effectively retrieving, reasoning and understanding visually rich information remains a challenge for RAG methods. Traditional text-based methods cannot handle visual-related information. On the other hand, current vision-based RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Feng Zhao

Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR) problems are commonly used to approximate human intelligence. They test the ability of applying previously gained knowledge, experience and skills in a completely new setting, which makes them particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Mikołaj Małkiński , Jacek Mańdziuk

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC-AGI) presents a formidable challenge for AI systems. Despite the typically low performance on ARC, the deep learning paradigm remains the most effective known strategy for generating skillful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jack Cole , Mohamed Osman

Core knowledge about physical objects -- e.g., their permanency, spatial transformations, and interactions -- is one of the most fundamental building blocks of biological intelligence across humans and non-human animals. While AI techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 James Ainooson , Deepayan Sanyal , Joel P. Michelson , Yuan Yang , Maithilee Kunda

The abilities to form and abstract concepts is key to human intelligence, but such abilities remain lacking in state-of-the-art AI systems. There has been substantial research on conceptual abstraction in AI, particularly using idealized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Arseny Moskvichev , Victor Vikram Odouard , Melanie Mitchell

Analogical reasoning derives information from known relations and generalizes this information to similar yet unfamiliar situations. One of the first generalized ways in which deep learning models were able to solve verbal analogies was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca H. Thoms , Karel A. Veldkamp , Hannes Rosenbusch , Claire E. Stevenson

The remarkable achievements of ChatGPT and GPT-4 have sparked a wave of interest and research in the field of large language models for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). These models provide intelligent solutions close to human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Xiang Li , Congcong Wen , Yuan Hu , Zhenghang Yuan , Xiao Xiang Zhu

We present a framework for perspective-aware reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) through mental imagery simulation. Perspective-taking, the ability to perceive an environment or situation from an alternative viewpoint, is a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Phillip Y. Lee , Jihyeon Je , Chanho Park , Mikaela Angelina Uy , Leonidas Guibas , Minhyuk Sung

Abstract visual reasoning (AVR) enables humans to quickly discover and generalize abstract rules to new scenarios. Designing intelligent systems with human-like AVR abilities has been a long-standing topic in the artificial intelligence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Fan Shi , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Recent text-only models demonstrate remarkable mathematical reasoning capabilities. Extending these to visual domains requires vision-language models to translate images into text descriptions. However, current models, trained to produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 John Gkountouras , Ivan Titov

OpenAI's o3-preview reasoning model exceeded human accuracy on the ARC-AGI-1 benchmark, but does that mean state-of-the-art models recognize and reason with the abstractions the benchmark was designed to test? Here we investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Claas Beger , Ryan Yi , Shuhao Fu , Kaleda Denton , Arseny Moskvichev , Sarah W. Tsai , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Melanie Mitchell

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) aims at benchmarking the performance of general artificial intelligence algorithms. The ARC's focus on broad generalization and few-shot learning has made it difficult to solve using pure machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Yudong Xu , Elias B. Khalil , Scott Sanner

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models have driven breakthroughs in visual question answering. Yet, a critical gap persists, `conceptualization'-the ability to recognize and reason about the same concept despite variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zahra Babaiee , Peyman M. Kiasari , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

One of the challenges facing artificial intelligence research today is designing systems capable of utilizing systematic reasoning to generalize to new tasks. The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) measures such a capability through a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Simon Alford , Anshula Gandhi , Akshay Rangamani , Andrzej Banburski , Tony Wang , Sylee Dandekar , John Chin , Tomaso Poggio , Peter Chin

Long-context reasoning has significantly empowered large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks, yet it introduces severe efficiency bottlenecks due to the computational complexity. Existing efficient approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yibo Wang , Yongcheng Jing , Shunyu Liu , Hao Guan , Rong-cheng Tu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Dacheng Tao

In this article, we investigate vision-language models (VLM) as reasoners. The ability to form abstractions underlies mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and other Math AI tasks. Several formalisms have been given to these underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Denisa Roberts , Lucas Roberts

Vision-language models (VLMs) generate fluent causal explanations, but current evaluations cannot distinguish linguistic plausibility from faithful causal reasoning. We introduce a dual-probe methodology that isolates these properties. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chinh Hoang , Mohammad Rashedul Hasan

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC-AGI) poses a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), exposing limitations in their abstract reasoning abilities. In this work, we leverage task-specific data augmentations throughout…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Daniel Franzen , Jan Disselhoff , David Hartmann

ARC-AGI and ARC-AGI-2 measure generalization-through-composition on small color-quantized grids, and their prize competitions make progress on these harder held-out tasks a meaningful proxy for systematic generalization. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Bo Wen , Chen Wang , Erhan Bilal

Visual reasoning abilities play a crucial role in understanding complex multimodal data, advancing both domain-specific applications and artificial general intelligence (AGI). Existing methods enhance Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huajie Tan , Yuheng Ji , Xiaoshuai Hao , Xiansheng Chen , Pengwei Wang , Zhongyuan Wang , Shanghang Zhang