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The Panoramic Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (PANOSETI) experiment is designed to detect pulsed optical signals on nanosecond timescales. PANOSETI is therefore sensitive to Cherenkov radiation generated by extensive air showers,…

The atmospheric monitoring devices for the planned calibration system of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) are undergoing intensive development, prototyping and testing. The All-Sky Cameras, the Sun/Moon Photometers and the FRAM…

Cherenkov imaging detectors will continue to play a central role for particle identification in future particle and nuclear physics experiments. Growing demands on momentum coverage, timing precision, radiation tolerance, and sustainability…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-27 Chandradoy Chatterjee

Subatomic particles can interact with target nuclei in matter or decay in flight, and an individual high-energy particle can induce a particle shower composed of numerous, lower-energy secondaries. These particle showers broadly exhibit…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-07 Ian Crawshaw , Tianlu Yuan , Emre Yildizci , Lu Lu , Anatoli Fedynitch

We highlight the capacity of current and forthcoming air shower arrays using water-Cherenkov stations to detect neutrino events spanning energies from $10\,$GeV to $100\,$TeV. This detection approach leverages individual stations equipped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 J. Alvarez-Muñiz , R. Conceição , P. J. Costa , B. S. González , M. Pimenta , B. Tomé

Due to its angular dependency, Cerenkov light has long been considered a contamination signal in plastic scintillating dosimeters. In this study, we propose a novel approach designed to take advantage of this angular dependency to perform a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Emilie Jean , Simon Lambert-Girard , Francois Therriault-Proulx , Luc Beaulieu

A new ground-based wide-field extensive air shower array known as the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory promises a new window to monitoring the $\sim$100 GeV gamma-ray sky with the potential for detecting a high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-08 Joshua Wood

A first experimental test of tracking relativistic charged particles by `drifting' Cherenkov photons in a water-based optical time-projection chamber (OTPC) has been performed at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. The prototype OTPC detector…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-02-17 E. Oberla , H. J. Frisch

The latest and most advanced effort towards a space-based optical cosmic ray detector developed within the Joint Experiment Mission for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) collaboration was the Extreme Universe Space…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-27 J. Eser , A. Olinto , L. Wiencke

Very-high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos are messengers of energetic sources in the universe. Sub-orbital and satellite-based neutrino telescopes employ detectors of the atmospheric Cherenkov emission from extensive air showers…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-29 Diksha Garg , Mary Hall Reno

The CoMET is an R$\&$D project aiming to design a very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray observatory sensitive to energies above $\sim$ 200 GeV. The science goals include continuous observation of soft-spectrum VHE gamma-ray sources such as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-28 M. Senniappan , Y. Becherini , M. Punch , S. Thoudam , T. Bylund , G. Kukec Mezek , J. -P. Ernenwein

Modern detectors of cosmic gamma-rays are a special type of imaging telescopes (air Cherenkov telescopes) supplied with cameras with a relatively large number of photomultiplier-based pixels. For example, the camera of the TAIGA-IACT…

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy, with the deployment of tens of highly sensitive and fast-reacting Cherenkov telescopes. It will cover a…

Cosmic rays interacting with the Earth's atmosphere generate extensive air showers, which produce Cherenkov, fluorescence and radio emissions. These emissions are key signatures for detection by ground-based, sub-orbital, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-07 Diksha Garg , Laksha Pradip Das , Mary Hall Reno

$\nu$SpaceSim is a highly-efficient (e.g., fast) module-based, end-to-end simulation package that models the physical processes of cosmic neutrino interactions that leads to detectable signals for sub-orbital and space-based instruments.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-22 Mary Hall Reno , John F. Krizmanic

Future sky surveys in the mm/sub-mm range, like the forthcoming balloon-borne missions LSPE, OLIMPO, SPIDER etc., will need detectors insensitive to cosmic rays (CRs) and with a NEP of the order of $10^{-17} \div 10^{-18}\,$W/sqrt(Hz). The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-23 Maria Salatino , Paolo de Bernardis , Sumedh Mahashabde , Leonid S. Kuzmin , Silvia Masi

In the framework of the development of the SWGO experiment we have performed a detailed study of the single unit of an extensive air shower observatory based on an array of water Cherenkov detectors. Indeed, one of the possible water…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-05 Francesca Bisconti , Andrea Chiavassa

Current detectors for Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-ray astrophysics are either pointing instruments with a small field of view (Cherenkov telescopes), or large field-of-view instruments with relatively large energy thresholds (extensive air…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-28 P. Assis , U. Barres de Almeida , A. Blanco , R. Conceição , B. D'Ettore Piazzoli , A. De Angelis , M. Doro , P. Fonte , L. Lopes , G. Matthiae , M. Pimenta , R. Shellard , B. Tomé

The High-Altitude Water-Cherenkov (HAWC) experiment is a TeV $\gamma$-ray observatory located \unit[4100]{m} above sea level on the Sierra Negra mountain in Puebla, Mexico. The detector consists of 300 water-filled tanks, each instrumented…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-14 Samuel Stephens Marinelli , Jordan Goodman

Earth-skimming neutrinos are those which travel through the Earth's crust at a shallow angle. For Ultra-High-Energy (E > 1 PeV; UHE) earth-skimming tau neutrinos, there is a high-probability that the tau lepton created by a neutrino-Earth…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Anthony M. Brown , Mahdi Bagheri , Michele Doro , Eliza Gazda , Dave Kieda , Chaoxian Lin , Yasar Onel , Nepomuk Otte , Ignacio Taboada , Andrew Wang
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