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Technological progress has persistently shaped the dynamics of human-machine interactions in task execution. In response to the advancements in Generative AI, this paper outlines a detailed study plan that investigates various human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Zijian Ding

Contemporary evaluation techniques are inadequate for agentic systems. These approaches either focus exclusively on final outcomes -- ignoring the step-by-step nature of agentic systems, or require excessive manual labour. To address this,…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are transforming the capabilities of graphical user interface (GUI) agents, facilitating their transition from controlled simulations to complex, real-world applications across various platforms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Boyu Gou , Ruohan Wang , Boyuan Zheng , Yanan Xie , Cheng Chang , Yiheng Shu , Huan Sun , Yu Su

We introduce the concept of "Design Agents" for engineering applications, particularly focusing on the automotive design process, while emphasizing that our approach can be readily extended to other engineering and design domains. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Mohamed Elrefaie , Janet Qian , Raina Wu , Qian Chen , Angela Dai , Faez Ahmed

As AI agents take on increasingly long-running tasks involving sophisticated planning and execution, there is a corresponding need for novel interaction designs that enable deeper human-agent collaboration. However, most prior works…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 K. J. Kevin Feng , Kevin Pu , Matt Latzke , Tal August , Pao Siangliulue , Jonathan Bragg , Daniel S. Weld , Amy X. Zhang , Joseph Chee Chang

Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

The growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in instruction-following and context-understanding lead to the era of agents with numerous applications. Among these, task planning agents have become especially prominent in…

The growing adoption of generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping how user experience (UX) research teams conduct qualitative research in software development, creating opportunities to streamline the production of qualitative insights. This paper…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) assistants holds significant promise for enhancing human workflow productivity. While most agents are language-based, relying on closed-source API with text-rich meta-information (e.g., HTML or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Zhengyuan Yang , Shiwei Wu , Zechen Bai , Weixian Lei , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

GUIs have long been central to human-computer interaction, providing an intuitive and visually-driven way to access and interact with digital systems. The advent of LLMs, particularly multimodal models, has ushered in a new era of GUI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Chaoyun Zhang , Shilin He , Jiaxu Qian , Bowen Li , Liqun Li , Si Qin , Yu Kang , Minghua Ma , Guyue Liu , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are autonomous systems that interpret and generate actions, enabling intelligent user assistance and automation. Effective training of these agent presents unique challenges, such as sparsity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yiqiao Jin , Stefano Petrangeli , Yu Shen , Gang Wu

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) can act through both atomic GUI actions, such as click and type, and high-level tool calls, such as API-based file operations, but this hybrid action space often leaves them uncertain about when to continue with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuhao Hu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Kyle Qiao , Jingyi Yang , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye

GUI agents are rapidly becoming a new interaction to software, allowing people to navigate web, desktop and mobile rather than execute them click by click. Yet ``agent'' is described with radically different degrees of autonomy, obscuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen

Current mobile GUI agent benchmarks systematically fail to assess memory capabilities, with only 5.2-11.8% memory-related tasks and no cross-session learning evaluation. We introduce MemGUI-Bench, a comprehensive memory-centric benchmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Yaozhen Liang , Qinyi Luo , Shunye Tang , Yuxiang Chai , Weifeng Lin , Han Xiao , WenHao Wang , Siheng Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Gao Wu , Hao Wang , Liang Liu , Yong Liu

User interface (UI) development requires translating design mockups into functional code, a process that remains repetitive and labor-intensive. While recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) automate UI-to-Code generation, they generate only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mingde Xu , Zhen Yang , Wenyi Hong , Lihang Pan , Xinyue Fan , Yan Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

This paper investigates User Experience (UX) with prototypes generated by Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools. An empirical survey with 92 participants evaluated AI-generated and human-created prototypes without prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Karoline Romero , Igor Wiese , Renato Balancieiri , Gislaine Camila Leal , Guilherme Guerino

Evaluating GUI agents presents a distinct challenge: trajectories are long, visually grounded, and open-ended, yet evaluation must be both accurate and interpretable. Existing approaches typically apply a single holistic judgment over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuwen Zhai , Runze Li , Liang Wang , Nian Shi , Liwu Xu , Wei Zhang , Ran Lin , Bo Xu , Benlei Cui

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold great promise for automating complex desktop workflows, yet progress toward general-purpose agents is bottlenecked by the scarcity of continuous, high-quality human demonstration videos. Recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xiangru Jian , Shravan Nayak , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Aarash Feizi , Kaixin Li , Patrice Bechard , Spandana Gella , Sai Rajeswar

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin