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We consider Bayesian estimation of a $p\times p$ precision matrix, when $p$ can be much larger than the available sample size $n$. It is well known that consistent estimation in such ultra-high dimensional situations requires regularization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-07 Sayantan Banerjee , Subhashis Ghosal

Given the broad capabilities of large language models, it should be possible to work towards a general-purpose, text-based assistant that is aligned with human values, meaning that it is helpful, honest, and harmless. As an initial foray in…

We introduce a new and rigorously-formulated PAC-Bayes meta-learning algorithm that solves few-shot learning. Our proposed method extends the PAC-Bayes framework from a single task setting to the meta-learning multiple task setting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Cuong Nguyen , Thanh-Toan Do , Gustavo Carneiro

Combining multi-site data can strengthen and uncover trends, but is a task that is marred by the influence of site-specific covariates that can bias the data and therefore any downstream analyses. Post-hoc multi-site correction methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 Pedro Borges , Richard Shaw , Thomas Varsavsky , Kerstin Klaser , David Thomas , Ivana Drobnjak , Sebastien Ourselin , M Jorge Cardoso

Deep neural networks often produce overconfident predictions, undermining their reliability in safety-critical applications. This miscalibration is further exacerbated under distribution shift, where test data deviates from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yilin Zhang , Cai Xu , You Wu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao

Measures of association in contingency tables, such as odds ratios and their generalizations, are often studied under different sampling schemes that either fix or leave random the margins of the table. While classical results show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Rafael Bassi Stern , Ruobin Gong , Joseph B. Kadane , Mark J. Schervish , Teddy Seidenfeld

We theoretically justify the recent empirical finding of [Teh et al., 2025] that a transformer pretrained on synthetically generated data achieves strong performance on empirical Bayes (EB) problems. We take an indirect approach to this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-18 Nick Cannella , Anzo Teh , Yanjun Han , Yury Polyanskiy

Bayesian change-point and segmentation models provide uncertainty-aware piecewise-constant representations of ordered data, but exact inference is often limited to narrow likelihood classes, single sequences, or index-uniform designs. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omid Shams Solari

Although theoretically compelling, Bayesian learning with modern machine learning models is computationally challenging since it requires approximating a high dimensional posterior distribution. In this work, we (i) introduce posteriors, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Samuel Duffield , Kaelan Donatella , Johnathan Chiu , Phoebe Klett , Daniel Simpson

Bayesian Neural Networks provide a principled framework for uncertainty quantification by modeling the posterior distribution of network parameters. However, exact posterior inference is computationally intractable, and widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alfredo Reichlin , Miguel Vasco , Danica Kragic

Penalized generalized estimating equations (PGEE) stabilize point estimation for longitudinal binary data under near-separation, but inference still depends on how the sandwich variance is corrected. Existing corrections for PGEE can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Awan Afiaz , M. Shafiqur Rahman

Modern neural networks have found to be miscalibrated in terms of confidence calibration, i.e., their predicted confidence scores do not reflect the observed accuracy or precision. Recent work has introduced methods for post-hoc confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Fabian Küppers , Jan Kronenberger , Jonas Schneider , Anselm Haselhoff

Cameron {\it et al.}~2019 (hereafter C19) recommends a more cautious and rigorous approach to statistical analysis in astronomy. We welcome this particular side of their communication as it helps stimulating the effort towards the adoption…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-11 Davi C. Rodrigues , Valerio Marra , Antonino Del Popolo , Zahra Davari

Scalable algorithms of posterior approximation allow Bayesian nonparametrics such as Dirichlet process mixture to scale up to larger dataset at fractional cost. Recent algorithms, notably the stochastic variational inference performs local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kart-Leong Lim , Xudong Jiang

The prominent Bernstein -- von Mises (BvM) result claims that the posterior distribution after centering by the efficient estimator and standardizing by the square root of the total Fisher information is nearly standard normal. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Vladimir Spokoiny , Maxim Panov

While the predictions produced by conformal prediction are set-valued, the data used for training and calibration is supposed to be precise. In the setting of superset learning or learning from partial labels, a variant of weakly supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Alireza Javanmardi , Yusuf Sale , Paul Hofman , Eyke Hüllermeier

We study the problem of transfer learning and fine-tuning in linear models for both regression and binary classification. In particular, we consider the use of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on a linear model initialized with pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Reza Ghane , Danil Akhtiamov , Babak Hassibi

We consider the optimal approximate posterior over the top-layer weights in a Bayesian neural network for regression, and show that it exhibits strong dependencies on the lower-layer weights. We adapt this result to develop a correlated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-23 Sebastian W. Ober , Laurence Aitchison

In this work we study generalization of neural networks in gradient-based meta-learning by analyzing various properties of the objective landscapes. We experimentally demonstrate that as meta-training progresses, the meta-test solutions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Simon Guiroy , Vikas Verma , Christopher Pal

Variational Bayesian Inference is a popular methodology for approximating posterior distributions over Bayesian neural network weights. Recent work developing this class of methods has explored ever richer parameterizations of the…

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