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The current discourse on large language models (LLMs) and copyright largely takes a "behavioral" perspective, focusing on model outputs and evaluating whether they are substantially similar to training data. However, substantial similarity…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Maggie Wang , Ameya Godbole , Jonathan H. Choi , Robin Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised significant concerns regarding the fair use of copyright-protected content. While prior studies have examined the extent to which LLMs reproduce copyrighted materials, they have predominantly focused…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yupeng Chen , Xiaoyu Zhang , Yixian Huang , Qian Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great performance across various benchmarks, showing potential as general-purpose task solvers. However, as LLMs are typically trained on vast amounts of data, a significant concern in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yujuan Fu , Ozlem Uzuner , Meliha Yetisgen , Fei Xia

Deep learning (DL) models, especially those large-scale and high-performance ones, can be very costly to train, demanding a great amount of data and computational resources. Unauthorized reproduction of DL models can lead to copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Jialuo Chen , Jingyi Wang , Tinglan Peng , Youcheng Sun , Peng Cheng , Shouling Ji , Xingjun Ma , Bo Li , Dawn Song

As software becomes increasingly complex and prone to vulnerabilities, automated vulnerability detection is critically important, yet challenging. Given the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Gao , Hao Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Wenyu Zhu , Chao Zhang

The training data in large language models is key to their success, but it also presents privacy and security risks, as it may contain sensitive information. Detecting pre-training data is crucial for mitigating these concerns. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Cheng Wang , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Recent studies have demonstrated outstanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in software engineering tasks, including code generation and comprehension. While LLMs have shown significant potential in assisting with coding, LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiawen Wen , Bangshuo Zhu , Huaming Chen

Instruction-following is a critical capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing works primarily focus on assessing how well LLMs adhere to user instructions, they often overlook scenarios where instructions contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xingwei He , Qianru Zhang , Pengfei Chen , Guanhua Chen , Linlin Yu , Yuan Yuan , Siu-Ming Yiu

The burgeoning capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have led to an increase in synthetic content generation with implications across a variety of sectors, including media, cybersecurity, public discourse,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xianjun Yang , Liangming Pan , Xuandong Zhao , Haifeng Chen , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Wei Cheng

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable image understanding and dialogue capabilities, allowing them to handle a variety of visual question answering tasks. However, their widespread availability raises concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yubo Wang , Jianting Tang , Chaohu Liu , Linli Xu

Data contamination poses a significant threat to the reliable evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs). This issue arises when benchmark samples may inadvertently appear in training sets, compromising the validity of reported performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yongding Tao , Tian Wang , Yihong Dong , Huanyu Liu , Kechi Zhang , Xiaolong Hu , Ge Li

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, ensuring their safe use is paramount. Jailbreaking, adversarial prompts that bypass model alignment to trigger harmful outputs, present significant risks, with existing studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Linyi Yang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) embed sensitive, human-generated data, prompting the need for unlearning methods. Although certified unlearning offers strong privacy guarantees, its restrictive assumptions make it unsuitable for LLMs, giving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rongzhe Wei , Mufei Li , Mohsen Ghassemi , Eleonora Kreačić , Yifan Li , Xiang Yue , Bo Li , Vamsi K. Potluru , Pan Li , Eli Chien

Data rights owners can detect unauthorized data use in large language model (LLM) training by querying with proprietary samples. Often, superior performance (e.g., higher confidence or lower loss) on a sample relative to the untrained data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Muxing Li , Zesheng Ye , Sharon Li , Feng Liu

The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

While large language models (LLMs) are extensively used, there are raising concerns regarding privacy, security, and copyright due to their opaque training data, which brings the problem of detecting pre-training data on the table. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Anqi Zhang , Chaofeng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various software engineering tasks, such as code generation and debugging, because of their ability to translate between programming languages and natural languages.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenqing Zhu , Norihiro Yoshida , Eunjong Choi , Yutaka Matsubara , Hiroaki Takada