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Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the most popular techniques to scale pre-trained models to extraordinarily large sizes. Dynamic activation of experts allows for conditional computation, increasing the number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zheng Zhang , Donglin Yang , Yaqi Xia , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiaobo Zhou , Dazhao Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale large language models efficiently by employing a parametric ``router'' to dispatch tokens to a sparse subset of experts. Typically, this router is trained once and then frozen, rendering routing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Boxuan Lyu , Soichiro Murakami , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Peinan Zhang

We propose Chain-of-Experts (CoE), a new Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that introduces sequential expert communication within each layer. Unlike traditional MoE models, where experts operate independently in parallel, CoE processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zihan Wang , Rui Pan , Jiarui Yao , Robert Csordas , Linjie Li , Lu Yin , Jiajun Wu , Tong Zhang , Manling Li , Shiwei Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLM) have memory requirements that often exceed the GPU memory capacity, requiring costly parameter movement from secondary memories to the GPU for expert computation. In this work, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Taehyun Kim , Kwanseok Choi , Youngmock Cho , Jaehoon Cho , Hyuk-Jae Lee , Jaewoong Sim

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a widely-adopted solution to continue scaling model sizes without a corresponding linear increase in compute. During MoE model training, each input token is dynamically routed to a subset of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Athinagoras Skiadopoulos , Mark Zhao , Swapnil Gandhi , Thomas Norrie , Shrijeet Mukherjee , Christos Kozyrakis

Recent efforts on Diffusion Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have primarily focused on developing more sophisticated routing mechanisms. However, we observe that the underlying architectural configuration space remains markedly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yahui Liu , Yang Yue , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenxi Sun , Yang Zhou , Wencong Zeng , Ruiming Tang , Guorui Zhou

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures significantly enhance the capacity of LLMs without proportional increases in computation, but at the cost of a vast parameter size. Offloading MoE expert parameters to host memory and leveraging both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zeyu Zhu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Zitao Mo , Minnan Pei , Zhuoran Song , Xiaoyao Liang , Jian Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved superior performance, yet the massive memory overhead caused by storing multiple expert networks severely hinders their practical deployment. Singular Value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhendong Mi , Yixiao Chen , Pu Zhao , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Wang , Yanzhi Wang , Shaoyi Huang

In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic expert selection framework for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and model performance by adjusting the number of activated experts based on input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Quzhe Huang , Zhenwei An , Nan Zhuang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Songfang Huang , Yansong Feng

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining increasing attention due to its unique properties and remarkable performance, especially for language tasks. By sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token, MoE architecture could increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ka Man Lo , Zeyu Huang , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Jie Fu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer immense capacity via sparsely gated expert subnetworks, yet adapting them to multiple domains without catastrophic forgetting remains an open challenge. Existing approaches either incur prohibitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junzhuo Li , Bo Wang , Xiuze Zhou , Xuming Hu

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformers have made significant strides in recent years, the success of which is driven by scaling up their model size. Despite their high algorithmic performance, the computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ranggi Hwang , Jianyu Wei , Shijie Cao , Changho Hwang , Xiaohu Tang , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

The goal of this paper is to improve (upcycle) an existing large language model without the prohibitive requirements of continued pre-training of the full-model. The idea is to split the pre-training data into semantically relevant groups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ajinkya Tejankar , KL Navaneet , Ujjawal Panchal , Kossar Pourahmadi , Hamed Pirsiavash

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has demonstrated promising results across various visual adaptation tasks, such as classification and segmentation. Typically, prompt tuning techniques have harnessed knowledge from a single pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shentong Mo , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li

The emergence of distributed Mixture-of-Experts (DMoE) systems, which deploy expert models at edge nodes, offers a pathway to achieving connected intelligence in sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks and edge artificial intelligence (AI).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shengling Qin , Hai Wu , Hongyang Du , Kaibin Huang

Diffusion models have achieved significant visual generation quality. However, their significant computational and memory costs pose challenge for their application on resource-constrained mobile devices or even desktop GPUs. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Tianchen Zhao , Xuefei Ning , Tongcheng Fang , Enshu Liu , Guyue Huang , Zinan Lin , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient model scaling, yet expert routing behavior across underrepresented languages remains poorly understood. We analyze routing dynamics in two architecturally distinct MoE models -- a pure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ori Bar Joseph , Smadar Arvatz , Noam Kayzer , Dan Revital , Sarel Weinberger

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoze He , Xingyuan Ding , Xuan Jiang , Xinkai Zou , Alex Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Juncheng Billy Li , Heather Miller
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