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Chest radiography is an effective screening tool for diagnosing pulmonary diseases. In computer-aided diagnosis, extracting the relevant region of interest, i.e., isolating the lung region of each radiography image, can be an essential step…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Hilda Azimi , Jianxing Zhang , Pengcheng Xi , Hala Asad , Ashkan Ebadi , Stephane Tremblay , Alexander Wong

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong promise for medical image analysis, but most remain opaque, offering predictions without the transparent, stepwise reasoning clinicians rely on. We present a framework that brings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Andriy Myronenko , Dong Yang , Baris Turkbey , Mariam Aboian , Sena Azamat , Esra Akcicek , Hongxu Yin , Pavlo Molchanov , Marc Edgar , Yufan He , Pengfei Guo , Yucheng Tang , Daguang Xu

Chest X-Ray (CXR) examination is a common method for assessing thoracic diseases in clinical applications. While recent advances in deep learning have enhanced the significance of visual analysis for CXR anomaly detection, current methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Haoqi Ni , Ximiao Zhang , Min Xu , Ning Lang , Xiuzhuang Zhou

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) intrinsically requires large-scale data whereas Chest X-Ray (CXR) images tend to be data/annotation-scarce, leading to over-fitting. Therefore, based on our development experience and related work, this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Changhee Han , Takayuki Okamoto , Koichi Takeuchi , Dimitris Katsios , Andrey Grushnikov , Masaaki Kobayashi , Antoine Choppin , Yutaka Kurashina , Yuki Shimahara

Medical imaging has been used for diagnosis of various conditions, making it one of the most powerful resources for effective patient care. Due to widespread availability, low cost, and low radiation, chest X-ray is one of the most sought…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Sonit Singh

Recently large vision-language models have shown potential when interpreting complex images and generating natural language descriptions using advanced reasoning. Medicine's inherently multimodal nature incorporating scans and text-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Naman Sharma

Covid-19 global pandemic continues to devastate health care systems across the world. At present, the Covid-19 testing is costly and time-consuming. Chest X-Ray (CXR) testing can be a fast, scalable, and non-invasive method. The existing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-25 Anirudh Ambati , Shiv Ram Dubey

The COVID-19 pandemic strained healthcare resources and prompted discussion about how machine learning can alleviate physician burdens and contribute to diagnosis. Chest x-rays (CXRs) are used for diagnosis of COVID-19, but few studies…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Luis Lara , Lucia Eve Berger , Rajesh Raju

Synthetic medical data generation has opened up new possibilities in the healthcare domain, offering a powerful tool for simulating clinical scenarios, enhancing diagnostic and treatment quality, gaining granular medical knowledge, and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-01 Hyungyung Lee , Da Young Lee , Wonjae Kim , Jin-Hwa Kim , Tackeun Kim , Jihang Kim , Leonard Sunwoo , Edward Choi

The automatic generation of radiology reports given medical radiographs has significant potential to operationally and improve clinical patient care. A number of prior works have focused on this problem, employing advanced methods from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Guanxiong Liu , Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Matthew McDermott , Willie Boag , Wei-Hung Weng , Peter Szolovits , Marzyeh Ghassemi

The global challenge in chest radiograph X-ray (CXR) abnormalities often being misdiagnosed is primarily associated with perceptual errors, where healthcare providers struggle to accurately identify the location of abnormalities, rather…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Sanskriti Singh

Despite the progress in utilizing deep learning to automate chest radiograph interpretation and disease diagnosis tasks, change between sequential Chest X-rays (CXRs) has received limited attention. Monitoring the progression of pathologies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Gaurang Karwande , Amarachi Mbakawe , Joy T. Wu , Leo A. Celi , Mehdi Moradi , Ismini Lourentzou

Chest X-ray radiographs (CXRs) play a pivotal role in diagnosing and monitoring cardiopulmonary diseases. However, lung opacities in CXRs frequently obscure anatomical structures, impeding clear identification of lung borders and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-30 Junzhi Ning , Dominic Marshall , Yijian Gao , Xiaodan Xing Yang Nan , Yingying Fang , Sheng Zhang , Matthieu Komorowski , Guang Yang

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis, highlighting the need for rapid and accurate virus detection. This research paper examines transfer learning with vision transformers for COVID-19 detection, known for its excellent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Sandeep Angara , Sharath Thirunagaru

A radiograph visualizes the internal anatomy of a patient through the use of X-ray, which projects 3D information onto a 2D plane. Hence, radiograph analysis naturally requires physicians to relate the prior about 3D human anatomy to 2D…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-25 Cheng Peng , Haofu Liao , Gina Wong , Jiebo Luo , Shaohua Kevin Zhou , Rama Chellappa

The scarcity of well-annotated diverse medical images is a major hurdle for developing reliable AI models in healthcare. Substantial technical advances have been made in generative foundation models for natural images. Here we develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yuanfeng Ji , Dan Lin , Xiyue Wang , Lu Zhang , Wenhui Zhou , Chongjian Ge , Ruihang Chu , Xiaoli Yang , Junhan Zhao , Junsong Chen , Xiangde Luo , Sen Yang , Jin Fang , Ping Luo , Ruijiang Li

Chest X-Ray (CXR) is a widely used clinical imaging modality and has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of various lung and heart related conditions. Conventional automated clinical diagnostic tool design strategies relying on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-26 Abhijeet Parida , Daniel Capellan-Martin , Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais , Maria J. Ledesma-Carbayo , Marius G. Linguraru , Syed Muhammad Anwar

X-rays are commonly performed imaging tests that use small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of the organs, tissues, and bones of the body. X-rays of the chest are used to detect abnormalities or diseases of the airways, blood…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-24 Petros-Pavlos Ypsilantis , Giovanni Montana

Text-to-image generation has important implications for generation of diverse and controllable images. Several attempts have been made to adapt Stable Diffusion (SD) to the medical domain. However, the large distribution difference between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Peng Huang , Xue Gao , Lihong Huang , Jing Jiao , Xiaokang Li , Yuanyuan Wang , Yi Guo

Computed Tomography serves as an indispensable tool in clinical workflows, providing non-invasive visualization of internal anatomical structures. Existing CT reconstruction works are limited to small-capacity model architecture and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Yifan Liu , Wuyang Li , Weihao Yu , Chenxin Li , Alexandre Alahi , Max Meng , Yixuan Yuan