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In this review we argue for the creation of a physics of moving systems -- a locomotion "robophysics" -- which we define as the pursuit of the discovery of principles of self generated motion. Robophysics can provide an important…

Active matter physics and swarm robotics have provided powerful tools for the study and control of ensembles driven by internal sources. At the macroscale, controlling swarms typically utilizes significant memory, processing power, and…

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This has stimulated the new field of active matter in recent years, which focuses on the physical aspects of propulsion mechanisms, and on motility-induced…

Active matter refers to systems composed of self-propelled entities that consume energy to produce motion, exhibiting complex non-equilibrium dynamics that challenge traditional models. With the rapid advancements in machine learning,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-04 Wenjie Cai , Gongyi Wang , Yu Zhang , Xiang Qu , Zihan Huang

Current artificial intelligence systems show near-human-level capabilities when deployed in isolation. Systems of a few collaborating intelligent agents are being engineered to perform tasks collectively. This raises the question of whether…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-08 Onurcan Bektas , Adolfo Alsina , Steffen Rulands

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired…

We offer our opinion on the benefits of integration of insights from active matter physics with principles of regulatory interactions and control to develop a field we term ``smart matter". This field can provide insight into important…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-02-02 Herbert Levine , Daniel I. Goldman

The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the scale of the constituent particles is an area of central interest in nonequilibrium statistical physics. Identifying such systems as a distinct category -- Active…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-07 Sriram Ramaswamy

Robots and artificial machines have been captivating the public for centuries, depicted first as threats to humanity, then as subordinates and helpers. In the last decade, the booming exposure of humans to robots has fostered an increasing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-06-10 Hortense Le Ferrand

In this review we summarize theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the context of recent experiments. Our approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical and statistical properties of living matter:…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-07-13 M. C. Marchetti , J. -F. Joanny , S. Ramaswamy , T. B. Liverpool , J. Prost , Madan Rao , R. Aditi Simha

The term active matter describes diverse systems, spanning macroscopic (e.g. shoals of fish and flocks of birds) to microscopic scales (e.g. migrating cells, motile bacteria and gels formed through the interaction of nanoscale molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-03-11 Gautam I. Menon

In swarm robotics, just as for an animal swarm in Nature, one of the aims is to reach and maintain a desired configuration. One of the possibilities for the team, to reach this aim, is to see what its neighbours are doing. This approach…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-04-08 R. dell'Erba

Living systems are made of active materials with microscopic components that work together to perform macroscopic biological tasks. The breakdown of these collective functionalities leads to diseases, which, conversely, could be treated by…

Active learning is a decision-making process. In both abstract and physical settings, active learning demands both analysis and action. This is a review of active learning in robotics, focusing on methods amenable to the demands of embodied…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Annalisa T. Taylor , Thomas A. Berrueta , Todd D. Murphey

Swarm Robotics is an emerging field of adapting the phenomenon of natural swarms to robotics. It is a study of robots that are aimed to mimic natural swarms, like ants and birds, to form a system that is scalable, flexible, and robust.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Reza Cheraghi , Sahdia Shahzad , Kalman Graffi

Nature is an inhabitant for enormous number of species. All the species do perform complex activities with simple and elegant rules for their survival. The property of emergence of collective behavior is remarkably supporting their…

Purpose of Review: This review provides an overview of the state of the art in bioinspired soft robotics with by examining advancements in actuation, functionality, modeling, and control. Recent Findings: Recent research into actuation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Maxwell Hammond , Venanzio Cichella , Caterina Lamuta

Robotic materials are multi-robot systems formulated to leverage the low-order computation and actuation of the constituents to manipulate the high-order behavior of the entire material. We study the behaviors of ensembles composed of smart…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Ross Warkentin , William Savoie , Daniel I. Goldman

Life mechanics, an emerging field, focuses on the self-organizing forces and motions within living systems. This study introduces the novel concept of active force, generated by mind-body interactions, as an essential element in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Rong Li , Weicheng Cui
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