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Modern studies increasingly leverage outcomes predicted by machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI/ML) models, and recent work, such as prediction-powered inference (PPI), has developed valid downstream statistical inference…
Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate potential to estimate the probability of uncertain events, by leveraging their extensive knowledge and reasoning capabilities. This ability can be applied to support intelligent decision-making…
Predicting the mechanical properties of polysulfone (PSF) membranes from structural descriptors remains challenging due to extreme data scarcity typical of experimental studies. To investigate this issue, this study benchmarked…
In this paper we propose a new approach to study the properties of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) estimator. This approach relies on the link between PLS and discrete orthogonal polynomials. Indeed many important PLS objects can be…
Structural Equation Models (SEMs) are routinely used in the analysis of empirical data by researchers from different scientific fields such as psychologists or economists. In some fields, such as in ecology, SEMs have only started recently…
Meshless methods are commonly used to determine numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) for problems involving free surfaces and/or complex geometries, approximating spatial derivatives at collocation points via local…
We propose and investigate a new method of quantum process tomography (QPT) which we call projected least squares (PLS). In short, PLS consists of first computing the least-squares estimator of the Choi matrix of an unknown channel, and…
Least squares (LS) fitting is one of the most fundamental techniques in science and engineering. It is used to estimate parameters from multiple noisy observations. In many problems the parameters are known a-priori to be bounded integer…
The resolution and calibration of pure spectra of minority components in measurements of chemical mixtures without prior knowledge of the mixture is a challenging problem. In this work, a combination of band target entropy minimization…
Strong multiple scattering of the probe in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) means image simulations are usually required for quantitative interpretation and analysis of elemental maps produced by electron energy-loss…
The propensity score (PS) is often used to control for large numbers of covariates in high-dimensional healthcare database studies. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) has become the most widely used tool for fitting…
The pixel-wise dense prediction tasks based on weakly supervisions currently use Class Attention Maps (CAM) to generate pseudo masks as ground-truth. However, the existing methods typically depend on the painstaking training modules, which…
Background: Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to inform healthcare decisions, but determining the minimum sample size for their development remains a critical and unresolved challenge. Inadequate sample sizes can lead to…
It is shown that the computational efficiency of the discrete least-squares (DLS) approximation of solutions of stochastic elliptic PDEs is improved by incorporating a reduced-basis method into the DLS framework. The goal is to recover the…
We present large sample results for partitioning-based least squares nonparametric regression, a popular method for approximating conditional expectation functions in statistics, econometrics, and machine learning. First, we obtain a…
We use Bayesian inference and nested sampling to develop a non-parametric method to reconstruct the primordial power spectrum $P_{\mathcal{R}}(k)$ from Large Scale Structure (LSS) data. The performance of the method is studied by applying…
With the availability of galaxy distance indicators in weak lensing surveys, lensing tomography can be harnessed to constrain the three-dimensional (3D) matter power spectrum over a range of redshift and physical scale. By combining…
In the supervised high dimensional settings with a large number of variables and a low number of individuals, one objective is to select the relevant variables and thus to reduce the dimension. That subspace selection is often managed with…
This paper develops a variant of the Least Squares Shadowing (LSS) method, which has successfully computed the derivative for several chaotic ODEs and PDEs. The development in this paper aims to simplify Least Squares Shadowing method by…
The regsem package in R, an implementation of regularized structural equation modeling (RegSEM; Jacobucci, Grimm, and McArdle 2016), was recently developed with the goal of incorporating various forms of penalized likelihood estimation in a…