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This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. By ingeniously harnessing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Ming Jin , Wei Liu , Qinghua Guo , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) are emerging as a reconfigurable-aperture technology that expands physical-layer design beyond fixed, rigid antenna geometries. While the \emph{fading diversity} of FASs -- which exploits spatial channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhentian Zhang , Jingyuan Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Jiang , Zaichen Zhang , Hyundong Shin

Cognitive radio (CR) networks face significant challenges in spectrum sensing, especially under spectrum scarcity. Fluid antenna systems (FAS) can offer an unorthodox solution due to their ability to dynamically adjust antenna positions for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-14 Junteng Yao , Ming Jin , Tuo Wu , Maged Elkashlan , Chau Yuen , Kai-Kit Wong , George K. Karagiannidis , Hyundong Shin

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) offer a promising paradigm for enhancing wireless communication by exploiting spatial diversity, yet a rigorous analytical framework for their error probability has been notably absent. To this end, this paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xusheng Zhu , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Tuo Wu , Kaitao Meng , Chao Wang , Gui Zhou

By recognizing the tremendous flexibility of the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS), which allows dynamic reconfigurability of the location of the antenna within a given space, this paper investigates the performance of a single-antenna…

This letter investigates the challenge of channel estimation in a multiuser millimeter-wave (mmWave) time-division duplexing (TDD) system. In this system, the base station (BS) employs a multi-antenna uniform linear array (ULA), while each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Hao Xu , Gui Zhou , Kai-Kit Wong , Wee Kiat New , Chao Wang , Chan-Byoung Chae , Ross Murch , Shi Jin , Yangyang Zhang

Massive connectivity with ultra-low latency and high reliability necessitates fundamental advances in future communication networks operating under finite-blocklength (FBL) transmission. Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have emerged as a…

Non-fixed flexible antenna architectures, such as fluid antenna system (FAS), movable antenna (MA), and pinching antenna, have garnered significant interest in recent years. Among them, rotatable antenna (RA) is a promising antenna…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xue Xiong , Beixiong Zheng , Wen Wu , Xiaodan Shao , Liang Dai , Ming-Min Zhao , Jie Tang

Satellites provide seamless coverage and are critical for emergency communications during natural disasters. However, their performance is constrained by limited spectrum and high deployment cost. To address these issues, we propose a fluid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Tianyu Han , Yongxu Zhu , Gan Zheng , Pantelis-Daniel Arapoglou

Fluid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (FRIS) extend conventional RIS architectures by enabling physical reconfiguration of element positions, thereby introducing a fundamentally new degree of freedom for controlling spatial correlation…

This paper presents the concept, design, channel modeling, beamforming algorithm development, prototype fabrication, and experimental measurement of an electromagnetically reconfigurable fluid antenna system (ER-FAS), in which each FAS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ruiqi Wang , Pinjun Zheng , Vijith Varma Kotte , Sakandar Rauf , Yiming Yang , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Atif Shamim

The synergy of fluid-based reconfigurable antenna (FA) technology and full-duplex (FD) communications can be jointly beneficial, as FD can enhance the spectral efficiency of a point-to-point link, while the new degree of freedom offered by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Christodoulos Skouroumounis , Ioannis Krikidis

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems are expected to double the spectral efficiency compared to half-duplex systems, provided that loopback self-interference (SI) can be effectively suppressed. The inherent interference mitigation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Xu , Yiyan Wu , Sai Xu , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antennas present a relatively new idea for harnessing the fading and interference issues in multiple user wireless systems, such as 6G. Here, we systematically compare their unique radiation beam forming mechanism to the existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Wen-Jun Lu , Chun-Xing He , Yongxu Zhu , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong , Hyundong Shin , Tie Jun Cui

The concept of fluid antennas (FAs) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, achieved by introducing additional degrees of freedom, including reconfigurability and flexibility. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Elio Faddoul , Ghassan M. Kraidy , Constantinos Psomas , Ioannis Krikidis

With fluid antenna system (FAS) gradually establishing itself as a possible enabling technology for next generation wireless communications, channel estimation for FAS has become a pressing issue. Existing methodologies however face…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Zhen Chen , Jianqing Li , Xiu Yin Zhang , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Yangyang Zhang

Fluid antenna is a novel technology that can make an antenna appear instantly at one of N preset locations in a predefined space. An important application is to adopt fluid antenna in a small space of mobile device for obtaining the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Kai-Kit Wong , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antenna represents a concept where a mechanically flexible antenna can switch its location freely within a given space. Recently, it has been reported that even with a tiny space, a single-antenna fluid antenna system (FAS) can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Kai-Kit Wong , Arman Shojaeifard , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

Reconfigurability is a desired characteristic of future communication networks. From a transceiver's standpoint, this can be materialized through the implementation of fluid antennas (FAs). An FA consists of a dielectric holder, in which a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-26 Constantinos Psomas , Ghassan M. Kraidy , Kai-Kit Wong , Ioannis Krikidis