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The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly expanded model sizes, resulting in substantial GPU memory requirements during inference. The key and value storage of the attention map in the KV (key-value) cache accounts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao , Zhi Chen

PagedAttention is a popular approach for dynamic memory allocation in LLM serving systems. It enables on-demand allocation of GPU memory to mitigate KV cache fragmentation -- a phenomenon that crippled the batch size (and consequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ramya Prabhu , Ajay Nayak , Jayashree Mohan , Ramachandran Ramjee , Ashish Panwar

With the advancements in long-context inference capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the KV cache has become one of the foundational components. However, its substantial GPU memory consumption makes KV cache compression a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Youhui Zuo , Sibo Wei , Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Wenpeng Lu , Dawei Song

Remote KV cache reuse fetches KV cache for identical contexts from remote storage, avoiding recomputation, accelerating LLM inference. While it excels in high-speed networks, its performance degrades significantly in bandwidth-limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Liang Mi , Weijun Wang , Jinghan Chen , Ting Cao , Haipeng Dai , Yunxin Liu

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

Counting k-cliques in a graph is an important problem in graph analysis with many applications such as community detection and graph partitioning. Counting k-cliques is typically done by traversing search trees starting at each vertex in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Mohammad Almasri , Izzat El Hajj , Rakesh Nagi , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu

Long-context LLM serving is bottlenecked by the cost of attending over ever-growing KV caches. Dynamic sparse attention promises relief by accessing only a small, query-dependent subset of the KV state per decoding step and extending the KV…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zihan Zhao , Baotong Lu , Shengjie Lin , Yizou Chen , Jing Liu , Yanqi Zhang , Ziming Miao , Ming-Chang Yang , Haiying Shen , Qi Chen , Fan Yang

Serving large language models (LLMs) is important for cloud providers, and caching intermediate results (KV\$) after processing each request substantially improves serving throughput and latency. However, there is limited understanding of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiahao Wang , Jinbo Han , Xingda Wei , Sijie Shen , Dingyan Zhang , Chenguang Fang , Rong Chen , Wenyuan Yu , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, achieving unprecedented performance across a variety of applications. However, their increased computational and memory demands present significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yuhui Xu , Zhanming Jie , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Xudong Lu , Aojun Zhou , Amrita Saha , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Serving large language models (LLMs) efficiently remains challenging due to the high memory and latency overhead of key-value (KV) cache access during autoregressive decoding. We present \textbf{TinyServe}, a lightweight and extensible…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been able to handle longer and longer contexts. However, a context that is too long may cause intolerant inference latency and GPU memory usage. Existing methods propose mixed-precision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Wei Tao , Bin Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

The widespread of Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a significant milestone in generative AI. Nevertheless, the increasing context length and batch size in offline LLM inference escalate the memory requirement of the key-value (KV) cache,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xiurui Pan , Endian Li , Qiao Li , Shengwen Liang , Yizhou Shan , Ke Zhou , Yingwei Luo , Xiaolin Wang , Jie Zhang

Recently, video language models (VLMs) have been applied in various fields. However, the visual token sequence of the VLM is too long, which may cause intolerant inference latency and GPU memory usage. Existing methods propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wei Tao , Xiaoyang Qu , Peiqiang Wang , Guokuan Li , Jiguang Wan , Kai Lu , Jianzong Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a versatile set of tasks. A key challenge in accelerating VLMs is storing and accessing the large Key-Value (KV) cache that encodes long visual contexts, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dezhan Tu , Danylo Vashchilenko , Yuzhe Lu , Panpan Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating supplementary retrieved documents, enabling more accurate and context-aware responses. However, integrating these external…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenfeng Wang , Xiaofeng Hou , Peng Tang , Hengyi Zhou , Jing Wang , Xinkai Wang , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine vector similarity search with large language models (LLMs) to deliver accurate, context-aware responses. However, co-locating the vector retriever and the LLM on shared GPU infrastructure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junkyum Kim , Divya Mahajan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in processing extensive contexts, with the Key-Value (KV) cache playing a vital role in enhancing their performance. However, the growth of the KV cache in response to increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuhong Li , Yingbing Huang , Bowen Yang , Bharat Venkitesh , Acyr Locatelli , Hanchen Ye , Tianle Cai , Patrick Lewis , Deming Chen

Deploying large language models (LLMs) for online inference is often constrained by limited GPU memory, particularly due to the growing KV cache during auto-regressive decoding. Hybrid GPU-CPU execution has emerged as a promising solution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

Generating texts with a large language model (LLM) consumes massive amounts of memory. Apart from the already-large model parameters, the key/value (KV) cache that holds information about previous tokens in a sequence can grow to be even…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Yunho Jin , Chun-Feng Wu , David Brooks , Gu-Yeon Wei

This paper presents VLCache, a cache reuse framework that exploits both Key-Value (KV) cache and encoder cache from prior multimodal inputs to eliminate costly recomputation when the same multimodal inputs recur. Unlike previous heuristic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shengling Qin , Hao Yu , Chenxin Wu , Zheng Li , Yizhong Cao , Zhengyang Zhuge , Yuxin Zhou , Wentao Yao , Yi Zhang , Zhengheng Wang , Shuai Bai , Jianwei Zhang , Junyang Lin
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