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Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that allows the use of distributed data without compromising personal privacy. However, the heterogeneous distribution of data among clients in FL can make it difficult for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Thuy Dung Nguyen , Tuan Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Hieu H. Pham , Khoa Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated learning (FL) allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their potentially sensitive data. This makes FL suitable for privacy-preserving applications. At the same time, FL is susceptible to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yulia R. Gel

Low rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a prominent technique for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) thanks to its superb efficiency gains over previous methods. While extensive studies have examined the performance and structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zi Liang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Yaxin Xiao , Ronghua Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning paradigm that enables jointly training a global model without sharing clients' data. However, its repetitive server-client communication gives room for backdoor attacks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Pei Fang , Jinghui Chen

Effectively leveraging private datasets remains a significant challenge in developing foundation models. Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a collaborative framework that enables multiple users to fine-tune these models while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiyuan Yang , Guodong Long , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

In a federated learning (FL) system, malicious participants can easily embed backdoors into the aggregated model while maintaining the model's performance on the main task. To this end, various defenses, including training stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Henger Li , Chen Wu , Sencun Zhu , Zizhan Zheng

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed model training across edge devices while preserving data locality. This decentralized approach has emerged as a promising solution for collaborative learning on sensitive user data, effectively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mohammad Hadi Foroughi , Seyed Hamed Rastegar , Mohammad Sabokrou , Ahmad Khonsari

Federated learning allows multiple users to collaboratively train a shared classification model while preserving data privacy. This approach, where model updates are aggregated by a central server, was shown to be vulnerable to poisoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Chien-Lun Chen , Leana Golubchik , Marco Paolieri

Federated Learning (FL) enables numerous participants to train deep learning models collaboratively without exposing their personal, potentially sensitive data, making it a promising solution for data privacy in collaborative training. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Manaar Alam , Esha Sarkar , Michail Maniatakos

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a shared model without exposing local data. However, backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to FL. These attacks aim to implant a stealthy trigger into the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Chenyu Hu , Qiming Hu , Sinan Chen , Nianyu Li , Mingyue Zhang , Jialong Li

Federated learning (FL) represents a novel paradigm to machine learning, addressing critical issues related to data privacy and security, yet suffering from data insufficiency and imbalance. The emergence of foundation models (FMs) provides…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xi Li , Songhe Wang , Chen Wu , Hao Zhou , Jiaqi Wang

Federated learning (FL) has been widely deployed to enable machine learning training on sensitive data across distributed devices. However, the decentralized learning paradigm and heterogeneity of FL further extend the attack surface for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haomin Zhuang , Mingxian Yu , Hao Wang , Yang Hua , Jian Li , Xu Yuan

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training while preserving privacy. Recently, the integration of Foundation Models (FMs) into FL has enhanced performance but introduced a novel backdoor attack mechanism. Attackers can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaohuan Bi , Xi Li

Federated learning has seen increased adoption in recent years in response to the growing regulatory demand for data privacy. However, the opaque local training process of federated learning also sparks rising concerns about model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yuxi Mi , Yiheng Sun , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but it is notably ineffective at removing backdoor behaviors from poisoned pretrained models when fine-tuning on clean dataset. Contrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hoang-Chau Luong , Lingwei Chen

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a leading paradigm for privacy-preserving distributed machine learning, yet the distributed nature of FL introduces unique security challenges, notably the threat of backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chengcheng Zhu , Ye Li , Bosen Rao , Jiale Zhang , Yunlong Mao , Sheng Zhong

Federated Learning (FL) is a new machine learning framework, which enables millions of participants to collaboratively train machine learning model without compromising data privacy and security. Due to the independence and confidentiality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Anbu Huang

Despite the promise of Federated Learning (FL) for privacy-preserving model training on distributed data, it remains susceptible to backdoor attacks. These attacks manipulate models by embedding triggers (specific input patterns) in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Tuan Nguyen , Dung Thuy Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enables different parties to train a model together for high quality and strong privacy protection. In this scenario, individual participants may get compromised and perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Kaiyuan Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Qiuling Xu , Siyuan Cheng , Shengwei An , Yingqi Liu , Shiwei Feng , Guangyu Shen , Pin-Yu Chen , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

Federated learning (FL) remains highly vulnerable to adaptive backdoor attacks that preserve stealth by closely imitating benign update statistics. Existing defenses predominantly rely on anomaly detection in parameter or gradient space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chibueze Peace Obioma , Youcheng Sun , Mustafa A. Mustafa
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