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Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become the standard architecture in computer vision, their massive sizes lead to significant computational overhead. Token compression techniques have attracted considerable attention to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jaeyeon Lee , Dong-Wan Choi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) usually suffer from prohibitive computational and memory costs due to the quadratic growth of visual tokens with image resolution. Existing token compression methods, while varied, often lack a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jingyu Lei , Gaoang Wang , Der-Horng Lee

Despite the significant progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their high computational cost remains a barrier to real-world deployment. Inspired by the mixture of depths (MoDs) in natural language processing, we aim to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yaxin Luo , Gen Luo , Jiayi Ji , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiqiang Shen , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong instruction-following capability to interpret and execute tasks as directed by human commands. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have inferior instruction-following ability compared to LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Te Yang , Jian Jia , Xiangyu Zhu , Weisong Zhao , Bo Wang , Yanhua Cheng , Yan Li , Shengyuan Liu , Quan Chen , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Zhen Lei

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from increased inference costs due to the additional vision tokens introduced by image inputs. In this work, we propose Visual Consistency Learning (ViCO), a novel training algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Long Cui , Weiyun Wang , Jie Shao , Zichen Wen , Gen Luo , Linfeng Zhang , Yanting Zhang , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

To effectively reduce the visual tokens in Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs), we propose a novel approach called Window Token Concatenation (WiCo). Specifically, we employ a sliding window to concatenate spatially adjacent visual tokens.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yifan Li , Wentao Bao , Botao Ye , Zhen Tan , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu , Yu Kong

The development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to perceive data formats beyond text, significantly advancing a range of downstream applications, such as visual question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Han Shi , Yimeng Chen , Chuanyang Zheng , Xiangguo Sun , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Hong Cheng

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have become a pivotal research focus in deep learning, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in 3D scene understanding. However, current 3D LMMs employing thousands of spatial tokens for multimodal reasoning…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kai Zhang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaofeng Zhang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in visual understanding and reasoning, but the excessive visual tokens lead to high inference costs. Although recent token reduction methods mitigate this issue, they mainly target single-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yi Wang , Haofei Zhang , Qihan Huang , Anda Cao , Gongfan Fang , Wei Wang , Xuan Jin , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

This work presents Adaptive Local-then-Global Merging (ALGM), a token reduction method for semantic segmentation networks that use plain Vision Transformers. ALGM merges tokens in two stages: (1) In the first network layer, it merges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Narges Norouzi , Svetlana Orlova , Daan de Geus , Gijs Dubbelman

Recent advancements in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved performance by increasing the number of visual tokens, which are often significantly longer than text tokens. However, we observe that most real-world scenarios do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Senqiao Yang , Junyi Li , Xin Lai , Bei Yu , Hengshuang Zhao , Jiaya Jia

Seeing clearly with high resolution is a foundation of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), which has been proven to be vital for visual perception and reasoning. Existing works usually employ a straightforward resolution upscaling method, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yi-Fan Zhang , Qingsong Wen , Chaoyou Fu , Xue Wang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin

Recent advances in product bundling have leveraged multimodal information through sophisticated encoders, but remain constrained by limited semantic understanding and a narrow scope of knowledge. Therefore, some attempts employ In-context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaohao Liu , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Yinwei Wei , Tat-seng Chua

Large-scale vision-language models (LVLMs) pretrained on massive image-text pairs have achieved remarkable success in visual representations. However, existing paradigms to transfer LVLMs to downstream tasks encounter two primary…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Chunjin Yang , Fanman Meng , Shuai Chen , Mingyu Liu , Runtong Zhang

This research introduces a transformative framework for integrating Vision-Enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced transformer-based architectures to tackle challenges in high-resolution image synthesis and multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Karthikeya KV

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong reasoning ability, but their high computational and memory costs hinder deployment in resource-constrained settings. While Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and vision token pruning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xinhao Wang , Zhonyu Xia , Zhiwei Lin , Zhe Li , Yongtao Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often yield inconsistent descriptions of the same object across viewpoints, hindering the ability of embodied agents to construct consistent semantic representations over time. Previous methods resolved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tommaso Galliena , Stefano Rosa , Tommaso Apicella , Pietro Morerio , Alessio Del Bue , Lorenzo Natale

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae