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Face anti-spoofing (FAS) and face forgery detection play vital roles in securing face biometric systems from presentation attacks (PAs) and vicious digital manipulation (e.g., deepfakes). Despite promising performance upon large-scale data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zitong Yu , Rizhao Cai , Zhi Li , Wenhan Yang , Jingang Shi , Alex C. Kot

Recently, vision transformer based multimodal learning methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of face anti-spoofing (FAS) systems. However, multimodal face data collected from the real world is often imperfect due to missing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Zitong Yu , Rizhao Cai , Yawen Cui , Ajian Liu , Changsheng Chen

In this paper we examine the problem of inverse rendering of real face images. Existing methods decompose a face image into three components (albedo, normal, and illumination) by supervised training on synthetic face data. However, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Yuda Qiu , Zhangyang Xiong , Kai Han , Zhongyuan Wang , Zixiang Xiong , Xiaoguang Han

Multimodal learning often encounters the under-optimized problem and may perform worse than unimodal learning. Existing approaches attribute this issue to imbalanced learning across modalities and tend to address it through gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Yang Luo

Face anti-spoofing is crucial to the security of face recognition systems. Most previous methods formulate face anti-spoofing as a supervised learning problem to detect various predefined presentation attacks, which need large scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Yunxiao Qin , Chenxu Zhao , Xiangyu Zhu , Zezheng Wang , Zitong Yu , Tianyu Fu , Feng Zhou , Jingping Shi , Zhen Lei

We propose a novel unsupervised framework for \emph{Invariant Risk Minimization} (IRM), extending the concept of invariance to settings where labels are unavailable. Traditional IRM methods rely on labeled data to learn representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yotam Norman , Ron Meir

In this paper, the problem of robust reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) system design under changes in data distributions is investigated. Using the notion of invariant risk minimization (IRM), an invariant causal representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Sumudu Samarakoon , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis

Self-supervised learning methods like masked autoencoders (MAE) have shown significant promise in learning robust feature representations, particularly in image reconstruction-based pretraining task. However, their performance is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sua Lee , Joonhun Lee , Myungjoo Kang

Invariant representation learning (IRL) encourages the prediction from invariant causal features to labels de-confounded from the environments, advancing the technical roadmap of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. Despite spotlights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Ziliang Chen , Yongsen Zheng , Zhao-Rong Lai , Quanlong Guan , Liang Lin

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) seeks to discriminate genuine faces from fake ones arising from any type of spoofing attack. Due to the wide varieties of attacks, it is implausible to obtain training data that spans all attack types. We propose to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Junru Wu , Xiang Yu , Buyu Liu , Zhangyang Wang , Manmohan Chandraker

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) is crucial for protecting facial recognition systems from presentation attacks. Previous methods approached this task as a classification problem, lacking interpretability and reasoning behind the predicted results.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hongyang Wang , Yichen Shi , Zhuofu Tao , Yuhao Gao , Liepiao Zhang , Xun Lin , Jun Feng , Xiaochen Yuan , Zitong Yu , Xiaochun Cao

Multimodal representation learning aims to construct a shared embedding space in which heterogeneous modalities are semantically aligned. Despite strong empirical results, InfoNCE-based objectives introduce inherent conflicts that yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Wenzhe Yin , Pan Zhou , Zehao Xiao , Jie Liu , Shujian Yu , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves

To achieve good performance in face recognition, a large scale training dataset is usually required. A simple yet effective way to improve recognition performance is to use a dataset as large as possible by combining multiple datasets in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Gaoang Wang , Lin Chen , Tianqiang Liu , Mingwei He , Jiebo Luo

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security and reliability of face recognition systems. With advancements in vision-language pretrained (VLP) models, recent two-class FAS techniques have leveraged the advantages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Pei-Kai Huang , Jun-Xiong Chong , Cheng-Hsuan Chiang , Tzu-Hsien Chen , Tyng-Luh Liu , Chiou-Ting Hsu

Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is a challenging problem due to complex serving scenarios and diverse face presentation attack patterns. Especially when captured images are low-resolution, blurry, and coming from different domains, the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Xudong Chen , Shugong Xu , Qiaobin Ji , Shan Cao

Face spoofing causes severe security threats in face recognition systems. Previous anti-spoofing works focused on supervised techniques, typically with either binary or auxiliary supervision. Most of them suffer from limited robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Chengwei Chen , Wang Yuan , Xuequan Lu , Lizhuang Ma

Face presentation attacks have become an increasingly critical concern when face recognition is widely applied. Many face anti-spoofing methods have been proposed, but most of them ignore the generalization ability to unseen attacks. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Rui Shao , Xiangyuan Lan , Pong C. Yuen

Domain generalization asks for models trained over a set of training environments to perform well in unseen test environments. Recently, a series of algorithms such as Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) has been proposed for domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Haoxiang Wang , Haozhe Si , Bo Li , Han Zhao

Self-supervised pre-training has been proved to be effective in learning transferable representations that benefit various visual tasks. This paper asks this question: can self-supervised pre-training learn general facial representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zheng Gao , Ioannis Patras

We propose a compact and effective framework to fuse multimodal features at multiple layers in a single network. The framework consists of two innovative fusion schemes. Firstly, unlike existing multimodal methods that necessitate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Yikai Wang , Fuchun Sun , Ming Lu , Anbang Yao