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Visual sensors, including 3D LiDAR, neuromorphic DVS sensors, and conventional frame cameras, are increasingly integrated into edge-side intelligent machines. Realizing intensive multi-sensory data analysis directly on edge intelligent…

As deep neural network (DNN) models are growing exponentially in size, their deployment on resource-constrained edge platforms is becoming increasingly challenging. In-memory-computing (IMC) with non-volatile memories (NVMs) has emerged as…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Imtiaz Ahmed , Sumeet Kumar Gupta

Deployment of modern TinyML tasks on small battery-constrained IoT devices requires high computational energy efficiency. Analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises major efficiency improvements in deep neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Angelo Garofalo , Gianmarco Ottavi , Francesco Conti , Geethan Karunaratne , Irem Boybat , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) is well-suited to accelerate neural network (NN) workloads as RRAM-based Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures natively support highly-parallel multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations that form the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Aditya Manglik , Minesh Patel , Haiyu Mao , Behzad Salami , Jisung Park , Lois Orosa , Onur Mutlu

Many edge devices employ Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to enhance their product intelligence. However, the increasing computation complexity poses challenges for performance, energy efficiency and product development time. In this paper,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Chao-Yang Kao , Huang-Chih Kuo , Jian-Wen Chen , Chiung-Liang Lin , Pin-Han Chen , Youn-Long Lin

In memory computing (IMC) architectures for deep learning (DL) accelerators leverage energy-efficient and highly parallel matrix vector multiplication (MVM) operations, implemented directly in memory arrays. Such IMC designs have been…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Arkapravo Ghosh , Hemkar Reddy Sadana , Mukut Debnath , Panthadip Maji , Shubham Negi , Sumeet Gupta , Mrigank Sharad , Kaushik Roy

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is an emerging computing paradigm, offering noteworthy potential for accelerating neural networks with high parallelism, low latency, and energy efficiency compared to conventional von Neumann architectures.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Kam Chi Loong , Shihao Han , Sishuo Liu , Ning Lin , Zhongrui Wang

With the widespread use of deep neural networks(DNNs) in intelligent systems, DNN accelerators with high performance and energy efficiency are greatly demanded. As one of the feasible processing-in-memory(PIM) architectures,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Junpeng Wang , Mengke Ge , Bo Ding , Qi Xu , Song Chen , Yi Kang

Charge-domain compute-in-memory (CIM) SRAMs have recently become an enticing compromise between computing efficiency and accuracy to process sub-8b convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at the edge. Yet, they commonly make use of a fixed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Adrian Kneip , Martin Lefebvre , Pol Maistriaux , David Bol

Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) -- a promising approach for energy-efficient acceleration of deep learning workloads -- computes matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) but only approximately, due to nonidealities that often are…

Deep learning hardware designs have been bottlenecked by conventional memories such as SRAM due to density, leakage and parallel computing challenges. Resistive devices can address the density and volatility issues, but have been limited by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Shihui Yin , Xiaoyu Sun , Shimeng Yu , Jae-sun Seo

Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown superior performance in a variety of tasks. As they rapidly evolve, their escalating computation and memory demands make it challenging to deploy them on resource-constrained edge devices. Though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jiaqi Gu , Hanqing Zhu , Chenghao Feng , Mingjie Liu , Zixuan Jiang , Ray T. Chen , David Z. Pan

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) is an emerging technology for fast and energy-efficient Deep Learning (DL) inference. However, a certain amount of digital post-processing is required to deal with circuit mismatches and non-idealities…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Elena Ferro , Athanasios Vasilopoulos , Corey Lammie , Manuel Le Gallo , Luca Benini , Irem Boybat , Abu Sebastian

The energy efficiency of analog computing-in-memory (ACIM) accelerator for recurrent neural networks, particularly long short-term memory (LSTM) network, is limited by the high proportion of nonlinear (NL) operations typically executed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Junyi Yang , Xinyu Luo , Ye Ke , Zheng Wang , Hongyang Shang , Shuai Dong , Zhengnan Fu , Xiaofeng Yang , Hongjie Liu , Arindam Basu

Emerging research in edge devices and micro-controller units (MCU) enables on-device computation of Deep Learning Training and Inferencing tasks. More recently, contemporary trends focus on making the Deep Neural Net (DNN) Models runnable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ziliang Zhang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have transformed the field of machine learning and are widely deployed in many applications involving image, video, speech and natural language processing. The increasing compute demands of DNNs have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Sourjya Roy , Mustafa Ali , Anand Raghunathan

Processing Using Memory (PUM) accelerators have the potential to perform Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference by using arrays of memory cells as computation engines. Among various memory technologies, ReRAM crossbars show promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Mohammad Sabri , Marc Riera , Antonio González

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieval but faces challenges on edge devices due to high storage, energy, and latency demands. Computing-in-Memory (CIM) offers a…

Deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated effectiveness for various applications such as image processing, video segmentation, and speech recognition. Running state-of-the-art DNNs on current systems mostly relies on either…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Mohsen Imani , Mohammad Samragh , Yeseong Kim , Saransh Gupta , Farinaz Koushanfar , Tajana Rosing