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Text-to-SQL systems enable users to interact with structured databases using natural language, eliminating the need for specialized programming knowledge. In this work, we introduce GEMMA-SQL, a lightweight and efficient text-to-SQL model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Hari Mohan Pandey , Anshul Gupta , Subham Sarkar , Minakshi Tomer , Schneider Johannes , Yan Gong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have propelled research in natural language interfaces to databases. However, most state-of-the-art text-to-SQL systems still depend on complex, multi-stage pipelines. This work proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fernando Granado , Roberto Lotufo , Jayr Pereira

In sophisticated existing Text-to-SQL methods exhibit errors in various proportions, including schema-linking errors (incorrect columns, tables, or extra columns), join errors, nested errors, and group-by errors. Consequently, there is a…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Sun Yang , Qiong Su , Zhishuai Li , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao , Chenxi Liu , Rui Zhao

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) enables intuitive interactions with databases by transforming natural language queries into structured SQL statements. Despite recent advancements in enhancing human-computer interaction within database…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Peixian Ma , Xialie Zhuang , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Ran Chen , Jian Guo

Text-to-SQL is a challenging task involving multiple reasoning-intensive subtasks, including natural language understanding, database schema comprehension, and precise SQL query formulation. Existing approaches often rely on handcrafted…

Translating Natural Language Queries into Structured Query Language (Text-to-SQL or NLQ-to-SQL) is a critical task extensively studied by both the natural language processing and database communities, aimed at providing a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Hasan Alp Caferoğlu , Özgür Ulusoy

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to text-to-SQL tasks promises to democratize data access, particularly in critical industries like aviation Maintenance, Repair, and Operation (MRO). However, progress is hindered by two key…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Patrick Sutanto , Jonathan Kenrick , Max Lorenz , Joan Santoso

We explore using T5 (Raffel et al. (2019)) to directly translate natural language questions into SQL statements. General purpose natural language that interfaces to information stored within databases requires flexibly translating natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ning Li , Bethany Keller , Mark Butler , Daniel Cer

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language into SQL, but small models struggle with multi-table and complex queries in Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) settings. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) helps, it falls short for harder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Simone Papicchio , Simone Rossi , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Papotti

Despite the remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in text-to-SQL (SQL generation), correctly producing SQL queries remains challenging during initial generation. The SQL refinement task is subsequently introduced to correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Luyao Zhuang , Qing Liao , Feiran Huang , Yangqiu Song , Xiao Huang

We present a novel approach for structured data-to-text generation that addresses the limitations of existing methods that primarily focus on specific types of structured data. Our proposed method aims to improve performance in multi-task…

The previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) method achieved a remarkable execution accuracy on the Spider dataset, which is one of the largest and most diverse datasets in the Text-to-SQL domain. However, during our reproduction of the business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Guanghu Sui , Zhishuai Li , Ziyue Li , Sun Yang , Jingqing Ruan , Hangyu Mao , Rui Zhao

Text-to-SQL aims to translate natural language queries into SQL statements, which is practical as it enables anyone to easily retrieve the desired information from databases. Recently, many existing approaches tackle this problem with Large…

Translating natural language questions into SQL queries, known as text-to-SQL, is a long-standing research problem. Effective text-to-SQL synthesis can become very challenging due to (i) the extensive size of database catalogs (descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Shayan Talaei , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yu-Chen Chang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

The SQL-to-text generation task traditionally uses template base, Seq2Seq, tree-to-sequence, and graph-to-sequence models. Recent models take advantage of pre-trained generative language models for this task in the Seq2Seq framework.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Meher Bhardwaj , Hrishikesh Ethari , Dennis Singh Moirangthem

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases using natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in translating natural language questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Gyubok Lee , Woosog Chay , Seonhee Cho , Edward Choi

Relational databases are foundational to numerous domains, including business intelligence, scientific research, and enterprise systems. However, accessing and analyzing structured data often requires proficiency in SQL, which is a skill…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Luyu Qiu , Jianing Li , Chi Su , Lei Chen

Text-to-SQL generation enables non-experts to interact with databases via natural language. Recent advances rely on large closed-source models like GPT-4 that present challenges in accessibility, privacy, and latency. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Satya Krishna Gorti , Ilan Gofman , Zhaoyan Liu , Jiapeng Wu , Noël Vouitsis , Guangwei Yu , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rasa Hosseinzadeh

Automatic SQL generation has been an active research area, aiming at streamlining the access to databases by writing natural language with the given intent instead of writing SQL. Current SOTA methods for semantic parsing depend on LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Samuel Arcadinho , David Aparício , Hugo Veiga , António Alegria

In recent years, the task of text-to-SQL translation, which converts natural language questions into executable SQL queries, has gained significant attention for its potential to democratize data access. Despite its promise, challenges such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Adrián Bazaga , Pietro Liò , Gos Micklem