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Jailbreak attacks against multimodal large language Models (MLLMs) are a significant research focus. Current research predominantly focuses on maximizing attack success rate (ASR), often overlooking whether the generated responses actually…

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities across various domains and applications; yet it also presents challenges related to potential misuse. To mitigate such risks, red teaming has been employed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yifan Jiang , Kriti Aggarwal , Tanmay Laud , Kashif Munir , Jay Pujara , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid adoption in recent years, with industries increasingly relying on them to maintain a competitive advantage. These models excel at interpreting user instructions and generating human-like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Andrew Yeo , Daeseon Choi

Various jailbreak attacks have been proposed to red-team Large Language Models (LLMs) and revealed the vulnerable safeguards of LLMs. Besides, some methods are not limited to the textual modality and extend the jailbreak attack to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Bailan He , Zifeng Ding , Wenqian Yu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have emerged with astonishing capabilities approaching artificial general intelligence. While providing convenience for various societal needs, LLMs have also lowered the cost of generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zhenhua Wang , Wei Xie , Kai Chen , Baosheng Wang , Zhiwen Gui , Enze Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with safety alignment to prevent generating malicious content. Although some attacks have highlighted vulnerabilities in these safety-aligned LLMs, they typically have limitations, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jesson Wang , Zhanhao Hu , David Wagner

Embodied AI represents systems where AI is integrated into physical entities. Large Language Model (LLM), which exhibits powerful language understanding abilities, has been extensively employed in embodied AI by facilitating sophisticated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Hangtao Zhang , Chenyu Zhu , Xianlong Wang , Ziqi Zhou , Changgan Yin , Minghui Li , Lulu Xue , Yichen Wang , Shengshan Hu , Aishan Liu , Peijin Guo , Leo Yu Zhang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

Despite the implementation of safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which undermine these safety guardrails and pose significant security threats. Some defenses have been proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shenyi Zhang , Yuchen Zhai , Keyan Guo , Hongxin Hu , Shengnan Guo , Zheng Fang , Lingchen Zhao , Chao Shen , Cong Wang , Qian Wang

Although many large language models (LLMs) have been trained to refuse harmful requests, they are still vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks which rewrite the original prompt to conceal its harmful intent. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yihan Wang , Zhouxing Shi , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with vision encoders, enabling text generation conditioned on both images and text. However, this multimodal integration expands the attack surface by exposing the model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kaiyuan Cui , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie , Hanxun Huang

Large Language Models(LLMs) have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shang Liu , Hanyu Pei , Zeyan Liu

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated driving systems has opened new possibilities for reasoning and decision-making by transforming complex driving contexts into language-understandable representations. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Feilong Wang , Fuqiang Liu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly equipped with robust safety safeguards to prevent responses to harmful or disallowed prompts. However, these defenses often focus on analyzing explicit textual inputs or relevant visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yihang Chen , Zhao Xu , Youyuan Jiang , Tianle Zheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Security alignment enables the Large Language Model (LLM) to gain the protection against malicious queries, but various jailbreak attack methods reveal the vulnerability of this security mechanism. Previous studies have isolated LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xiaohu Li , Yunfeng Ning , Zepeng Bao , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Tieyun Qian

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) integrate visual information into large language models, showcasing remarkable multi-modal conversational capabilities. However, the visual modules introduces new challenges in terms of robustness for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yubo Wang , Chaohu Liu , Yanqiu Qu , Haoyu Cao , Deqiang Jiang , Linli Xu

This study aims to comprehensively review and empirically evaluate the application of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and Large Vision Models (VLMs) in object detection for transportation systems. In the first fold, we provide a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Ahmed Jaber , Taqwa I. Alhadidi , Mohammed Elhenawy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained considerable popularity and protected by increasingly sophisticated safety mechanisms. However, jailbreak attacks continue to pose a critical security threat by inducing models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Liu , Xi Lin

In the realm of large vision language models (LVLMs), jailbreak attacks serve as a red-teaming approach to bypass guardrails and uncover safety implications. Existing jailbreaks predominantly focus on the visual modality, perturbing solely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Zonghao Ying , Aishan Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Zhengmin Yu , Siyuan Liang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

With the advent and widespread deployment of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), ensuring their safety has become increasingly critical. To achieve this objective, it requires us to proactively discover the vulnerability of MLLMs by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Siyuan Ma , Weidi Luo , Yu Wang , Xiaogeng Liu