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Organizations use intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to identify harmful activity among millions of computer network events. Cybersecurity analysts review IDS alarms to verify whether malicious activity occurred and to take remedial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Lucas Layman , William Roden

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly adopted as tool-using agents that can plan, observe their environment, and take actions over extended time periods. This evolution challenges current evaluation practices where the AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Aonzo , Merve Sahin , Aurélien Francillon , Daniele Perito

This article, a lightly adapted version of Perplexity's response to NIST/CAISI Request for Information 2025-0035, details our observations and recommendations concerning the security of frontier AI agents. These insights are informed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ninghui Li , Kaiyuan Zhang , Kyle Polley , Jerry Ma

Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven decision support systems can improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, collaboration between human experts and AI may introduce cognitive biases such as automation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Emely Rosbach , Jonas Ammeling , Jonathan Ganz , Christof Albert Bertram , Thomas Conrad , Andreas Riener , Marc Aubreville

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

The success of generative AI relies heavily on training on data scraped through extensive crawling of the Internet, a practice that has raised significant copyright, privacy, and ethical concerns. While few measures are designed to resist a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Enze Liu , Elisa Luo , Shawn Shan , Geoffrey M. Voelker , Ben Y. Zhao , Stefan Savage

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

We present the first comprehensive evaluation of AI agents against human cybersecurity professionals in a live enterprise environment. We evaluate ten cybersecurity professionals alongside six existing AI agents and ARTEMIS, our new agent…

In the last decade, a new class of cyber-threats has emerged. This new cybersecurity adversary is known with the name of "Advanced Persistent Threat" (APT) and is referred to different organizations that in the last years have been "in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Giuseppe Laurenza , Riccardo Lazzeretti , Luca Mazzotti

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) are overwhelmed by tens of thousands of daily alerts, with only a small fraction corresponding to genuine attacks. This overload creates alert fatigue, leading to overlooked threats and analyst burnout.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Bowen Wei , Yuan Shen Tay , Howard Liu , Jinhao Pan , Kun Luo , Ziwei Zhu , Chris Jordan

This paper explores the possibility of using ChatGPT to develop advanced phishing attacks and automate their large-scale deployment. We make ChatGPT generate the following parts of a phishing attack: i) cloning a targeted website, ii)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Nils Begou , Jeremy Vinoy , Andrzej Duda , Maciej Korczynski

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…

AI programs, built using large language models, make it possible to automatically create phishing emails based on a few data points about a user. They stand in contrast to traditional phishing emails that hackers manually design using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Fredrik Heiding , Bruce Schneier , Arun Vishwanath , Jeremy Bernstein , Peter S. Park

Phishing emails are the first step for many of today's attacks. They come with a simple hyperlink, request for action or a full replica of an existing service or website. The goal is generally to trick the user to voluntarily give away his…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Suhail Paliath , Mohammad Abu Qbeitah , Monther Aldwairi

Advances in AI agent capabilities have outpaced users' ability to meaningfully oversee their execution. AI agents can perform sophisticated, multi-step knowledge work autonomously from start to finish, yet this process remains effectively…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sadra Sabouri , Zeinabsadat Saghi , Run Huang , Sujay Maladi , Esmeralda Eufracio , Sumit Gulwani , Souti Chattopadhyay

As AI agents attempt to autonomously act on users' behalf, they raise transparency and control issues. We argue that permission-based access control is indispensable in providing meaningful control to the users, but conventional permission…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuhao Wu , Ke Yang , Franziska Roesner , Tadayoshi Kohno , Ning Zhang , Umar Iqbal

Clinical trials play an important role in cancer care and research, yet participation rates remain low. We developed MSK-MATCH (Memorial Sloan Kettering Multi-Agent Trial Coordination Hub), an AI system for automated eligibility screening…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jacob T. Rosenthal , Emma Hahesy , Sulov Chalise , Menglei Zhu , Mert R. Sabuncu , Lior Z. Braunstein , Anyi Li

CTI-REALM (Cyber Threat Real World Evaluation and LLM Benchmarking) is a benchmark designed to evaluate AI agents' ability to interpret cyber threat intelligence (CTI) and develop detection rules. The benchmark provides a realistic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Arjun Chakraborty , Sandra Ho , Adam Cook , Manuel Meléndez

Agent-based coding tools have transformed software development practices. Unlike prompt-based approaches that require developers to manually integrate generated code, these agent-based tools autonomously interact with repositories to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Suzuka Yoshimoto , Shun Fujita , Kosei Horikawa , Daniel Feitosa , Yutaro Kashiwa , Hajimu Iida

How much does AI assistance impact developer productivity? To date, the software engineering literature has provided a range of answers, targeting a diversity of outcomes: from perceived productivity to speed on task and developer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Elise Paradis , Kate Grey , Quinn Madison , Daye Nam , Andrew Macvean , Vahid Meimand , Nan Zhang , Ben Ferrari-Church , Satish Chandra