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A liquid system provides durable object storage based on spreading redundantly generated data across a network of hundreds to thousands of potentially unreliable storage nodes. A liquid system uses a combination of a large code, lazy…
Power systems with high penetration of variable renewable generation are vulnerable to periods with low generation. An alternative to retain high dispatchable generation capacity is electric energy storage that enables utilization of…
The electrical generation and transmission infrastructures of many countries are under increased pressure. This partially reflects the move towards low carbon economies and the increased reliance on renewable power generation systems. There…
The increasing reliance on renewable energy generation means that storage may well play a much greater role in the balancing of future electricity systems. We show how heterogeneous stores, differing in capacity and rate constraints, may be…
Reducing our reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources is vital for reducing the carbon footprint of the electric grid. Although the grid is seeing increasing deployments of clean, renewable sources of energy, a significant portion of the…
Deep energy decarbonization cannot be achieved without high penetration of renewables. At higher renewable energy penetrations, the variability and intermittent nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity can cause ramping issues with…
To achieve climate neutrality, synergies between circular economy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions must be strengthened. Previously idle emission reduction potentials of resource efficiency are to be exploited. Since all…
Cost optimal scenarios derived from models of a highly renewable electricity system depend on the specific input data, cost assumptions and system constraints. Here this influence is studied using a techno-economic optimisation model for a…
In the pursuit of a carbon-neutral future, hydrogen emerges as a pivotal element, serving as a carbon-free energy carrier and feedstock. As efforts to decarbonize sectors such as heating and transportation intensify, understanding and…
In this paper, we aim to analyse the impact of hydrogen production decarbonisation and electrification scenarios on the infrastructure development, generation mix, $CO_{2}$ emissions, and system costs of the European power system,…
Electrification of sectors such as land transport and building heating is a cost-effective pathway to deep decarbonization. However, some sectors still require energy-dense fuels -- including aviation, shipping and backup power -- or…
Green hydrogen can help to decarbonize parts of the transportation sector, but its power sector interactions are not well understood. It may contribute to integrating variable renewable energy sources if production is sufficiently flexible…
The intermittent nature of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar causes the energy supply to be less predictable leading to possible mismatches in the power network. To this end, hydrogen production and storage can provide a…
Hydrogen can be stored in containers or in materials. In materials it can exist in molecular or atomic forms. The atomic form can further exist as multiple phases. Molecular hydrogen can be adsorbed on the surface or can be present inside…
The central question we seek to address in this paper is: How rapidly do the operating cost benefits of grid-scale energy storage decline as installed storage capacity increases? We use a 240-bus model based on the US Western…
Importing renewable energy to Europe offers many potential benefits, including reduced energy costs, lower pressure on infrastructure development, and less land-use within Europe. However, there remain many open questions: on the achievable…
Future pathways for Great Britain's energy system decarbonisation have highlighted the importance of low-carbon hydrogen as an energy carrier and demand flexibility support. However, the potential application within various sectors…
Phase balancing is essential to safe power system operation. We consider a substation connected to multiple phases, each with single-phase loads, generation, and energy storage. A representative of the substation operates the system and…
Renewable liquid fuels are essential for achieving emissions targets for hard-to-electrify sectors such as aviation and shipping. While biofuels and synthetic e-fuels have been well-studied, e-biofuels, produced by adding renewable hydrogen…
Variable renewable energy droughts, so called Dunkelflaute events, emerge as a challenge for climate-neutral energy systems based on variable renewables. Here we characterize European drought events for on- and offshore wind power, solar…