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Related papers: Dropouts in Confidence: Moral Uncertainty in Human…

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Empowering large language models to accurately express confidence in their answers is essential for trustworthy decision-making. Previous confidence elicitation methods, which primarily rely on white-box access to internal model information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Miao Xiong , Zhiyuan Hu , Xinyang Lu , Yifei Li , Jie Fu , Junxian He , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit expert-level performance in tasks across a wide range of different domains. Ethical issues raised by LLMs and the need to align future versions makes it important to know how state of the art models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Guilherme F. C. F. Almeida , José Luiz Nunes , Neele Engelmann , Alex Wiegmann , Marcelo de Araújo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

Autonomous systems are being developed and deployed in situations that may require some degree of ethical decision-making ability. As a result, research in machine ethics has proliferated in recent years. This work has included using moral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Travis LaCroix

Human users increasingly communicate with large language models (LLMs), but LLMs suffer from frequent overconfidence in their output, even when its accuracy is questionable, which undermines their trustworthiness and perceived legitimacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dennis Ulmer , Alexandra Lorson , Ivan Titov , Christian Hardmeier

Large Language Models (LLMs) behave non-deterministically, and prompting has become a common method for steering their outputs. A popular strategy is to assign a persona to the model to produce more varied, context-sensitive responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bruce W. Lee , Yeongheon Lee , Hyunsoo Cho

Despite warnings that LLMs can make mistakes, users often develop inappropriate trust and accept incorrect answers without critical evaluation. Uncertainty quantification (UQ), displaying LLMs' confidence, has emerged as a promising…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mauricio Villavicencio , Sitong Pan , Qianwen Wang

As the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) becomes more widespread, understanding their self-evaluation of confidence in generated responses becomes increasingly important as it is integral to the reliability of the output of these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Abhishek Kumar , Robert Morabito , Sanzhar Umbet , Jad Kabbara , Ali Emami

Sycophancy in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) refers to their tendency to align with user opinions, often at the expense of moral or factual accuracy. While prior studies have explored sycophantic behavior in general contexts, its impact on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shadman Rabby , Md. Hefzul Hossain Papon , Sabbir Ahmed , Nokimul Hasan Arif , A. B. M. Ashikur Rahman , Irfan Ahmad

People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) for everyday moral and interpersonal guidance, yet these systems cannot interrogate missing context and judge dilemmas as presented. We introduce a perturbation framework for testing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Tom van Nuenen , Pratik S. Sachdeva

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in social contexts, motivating analysis of how they express and shift moral judgments. In this work, we investigate the moral response of LLMs to persona role-play, prompting a LLM to assume…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Davi Bastos Costa , Felippe Alves , Renato Vicente

Pluralism alignment with AI has the sophisticated and necessary goal of creating AI that can coexist with and serve morally multifaceted humanity. Research towards pluralism alignment has many efforts in enhancing the learning of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ying Su , Mingen Zheng , Weili Diao , Haoran Li

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into decision-making processes, the ability to trust their outputs is crucial. To earn human trust, LLMs must be well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Mark Steyvers , Heliodoro Tejeda , Aakriti Kumar , Catarina Belem , Sheer Karny , Xinyue Hu , Lukas Mayer , Padhraic Smyth

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their use in complex agentic roles, involving decision-making with humans or other agents, making ethical alignment a key AI safety concern. While prior work has examined both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Steffen Backmann , David Guzman Piedrahita , Emanuel Tewolde , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

AI-based systems can increasingly perform work tasks autonomously. In safety-critical tasks, human oversight of these systems is required to mitigate risks and to ensure responsibility in case something goes wrong. Since people often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cedric Faas , Richard Uth , Sarah Sterz , Markus Langer , Anna Maria Feit

Large language models (LLMs) could be valuable personal AI agents across various domains, provided they can precisely follow user instructions. However, recent studies have shown significant limitations in LLMs' instruction-following…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Juyeon Heo , Miao Xiong , Christina Heinze-Deml , Jaya Narain

As natural language becomes the default interface for human-AI interaction, there is a need for LMs to appropriately communicate uncertainties in downstream applications. In this work, we investigate how LMs incorporate confidence in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Kaitlyn Zhou , Jena D. Hwang , Xiang Ren , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly incorporated into everyday life for many internet users, taking on significant roles as advice givers in the domains of medicine, personal relationships, and even legal matters. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Nicole Smith-Vaniz , Harper Lyon , Lorraine Steigner , Ben Armstrong , Nicholas Mattei

When making decisions under uncertainty, individuals often deviate from rational behavior, which can be evaluated across three dimensions: risk preference, probability weighting, and loss aversion. Given the widespread use of large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jingru Jia , Zehua Yuan , Junhao Pan , Paul E. McNamara , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren