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Anomaly detection in videos is challenging due to the complexity, noise, and diverse nature of activities such as violence, shoplifting, and vandalism. While deep learning (DL) has shown excellent performance in this area, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Sabah Abdulazeez Jebur , Khalid A. Hussein , Haider Kadhim Hoomod , Laith Alzubaidi , Ahmed Ali Saihood , YuanTong Gu

We propose an efficient abnormal event detection model based on a lightweight masked auto-encoder (AE) applied at the video frame level. The novelty of the proposed model is threefold. First, we introduce an approach to weight tokens based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Nicolae-Catalin Ristea , Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Marius Popescu , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Recent weakly supervised video anomaly detection methods have achieved significant advances by employing unified frameworks for joint optimization. However, this paradigm is limited by a fundamental sensitivity-stability trade-off, as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hantao Zheng , Ning Han , Yawen Zeng , Hao Chen

We formulate the abnormal event detection problem as an outlier detection task and we propose a two-stage algorithm based on k-means clustering and one-class Support Vector Machines (SVM) to eliminate outliers. In the feature extraction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Radu Tudor Ionescu , Sorina Smeureanu , Marius Popescu , Bogdan Alexe

Video anomaly detection (VAD) plays a critical role in public safety applications such as intelligent surveillance. However, the rarity, unpredictability, and high annotation cost of real-world anomalies make it difficult to scale VAD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Suhang Cai , Xiaohao Peng , Chong Wang , Xiaojie Cai , Jiangbo Qian

Weakly supervised multimodal video anomaly detection has gained significant attention, yet the potential of the text modality remains under-explored. Text provides explicit semantic information that can enhance anomaly characterization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shengyang Sun , Jiashen Hua , Junyi Feng , Xiaojin Gong

This paper aims to address the unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD) problem, which involves classifying each frame in a video as normal or abnormal, without any access to labels. To accomplish this, the proposed method employs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Anil Osman Tur , Nicola Dall'Asen , Cigdem Beyan , Elisa Ricci

Video anomaly detection in surveillance systems with only video-level labels (i.e. weakly-supervised) is challenging. This is due to, (i) the complex integration of human and scene based anomalies comprising of subtle and sharp…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Snehashis Majhi , Rui Dai , Quan Kong , Lorenzo Garattoni , Gianpiero Francesca , Francois Bremond

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) remains a fundamental yet formidable task in the video understanding community, with promising applications in areas such as information forensics and public safety protection. Due to the rarity and diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yang Liu , Hongjin Wang , Zepu Wang , Xiaoguang Zhu , Jing Liu , Peng Sun , Rui Tang , Jianwei Du , Victor C. M. Leung , Liang Song

The status quo approach to training object detectors requires expensive bounding box annotations. Our framework takes a markedly different direction: we transfer tracked object boxes from weakly-labeled videos to weakly-labeled images to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Krishna Kumar Singh , Fanyi Xiao , Yong Jae Lee

Manipulated videos often contain subtle inconsistencies between their visual and audio signals. We propose a video forensics method, based on anomaly detection, that can identify these inconsistencies, and that can be trained solely using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Chao Feng , Ziyang Chen , Andrew Owens

Abnormal activity recognition requires detection of occurrence of anomalous events that suffer from a severe imbalance in data. In a video, normal is used to describe activities that conform to usual events while the irregular events which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Abhishek Joshi , Vinay P. Namboodiri

This review article surveys the current progresses made toward video-based anomaly detection. We address the most fundamental aspect for video anomaly detection, that is, video feature representation. Much research works have been done in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Yong Shean Chong , Yong Haur Tay

Despite the recent advances in video classification, progress in spatio-temporal action recognition has lagged behind. A major contributing factor has been the prohibitive cost of annotating videos frame-by-frame. In this paper, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Anurag Arnab , Chen Sun , Arsha Nagrani , Cordelia Schmid

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) is tasked with pinpointing temporal intervals containing anomalous events within untrimmed videos, utilizing only video-level annotations. However, a significant challenge arises due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yu Wang , Shiwei Chen

Tokenized visual representations have shown promise in image compression, yet their extension to video remains underexplored due to the challenges posed by complex temporal dynamics and stringent bit rate constraints. In this paper, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Lebin Zhou , Cihan Ruan , Nam Ling , Zhenghao Chen , Wei Wang , Wei Jiang

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of single-scene, fully unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD), where raw videos containing both normal and abnormal events are used directly for training and testing without any labels.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuang Geng , Junkai Zhou , Kang Yang , Pan He , Zhuoyang Zhou , Jose C. Principe , Joel Harley , Ivan Ruchkin

Video anomaly detection is a challenging task not only because it involves solving many sub-tasks such as motion representation, object localization and action recognition, but also because it is commonly considered as an unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Yuqi Ouyang , Victor Sanchez

Pathological brain appearances may be so heterogeneous as to be intelligible only as anomalies, defined by their deviation from normality rather than any specific pathological characteristic. Amongst the hardest tasks in medical imaging,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-24 Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya , Petru-Daniel Tudosiu , Robert Gray , Geraint Rees , Parashkev Nachev , Sebastien Ourselin , M. Jorge Cardoso

Deploying video anomaly detection in practice is hampered by the scarcity and collection cost of real abnormal footage. We address this by training without any real abnormal videos while evaluating under the standard weakly supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Satoshi Hashimoto , Hitoshi Nishimura , Yanan Wang , Mori Kurokawa