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A fundamental challenge in protein design is the trade-off between generating structural diversity while preserving motif biological function. Current state-of-the-art methods, such as partial diffusion in RFdiffusion, often fail to resolve…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-22 Kevin Michalewicz , Chen Jin , Philip Alexander Teare , Tom Diethe , Mauricio Barahona , Barbara Bravi , Asher Mullokandov

Molecular structure generation is a fundamental problem that involves determining the 3D positions of molecules' constituents. It has crucial biological applications, such as molecular docking, protein folding, and molecular design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyin Zhou , Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Vsevolod Viliuga , Matteo Tadiello , Arne Elofsson , Hossein Azizpour

Molecular structure elucidation from spectra is a fundamental challenge in molecular science. Conventional approaches rely heavily on expert interpretation and lack scalability, while retrieval-based machine learning approaches remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Liang Wang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Zhenyi Zhong , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengju Wang , Deli Zhao , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Yang Zhang

A long-standing goal of machine-learning-based protein engineering is to accelerate the discovery of novel mutations that improve the function of a known protein. We introduce a sampling framework for evolving proteins in silico that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Patrick Emami , Aidan Perreault , Jeffrey Law , David Biagioni , Peter C. St. John

A popular approach to protein design is to combine a generative model with a discriminative model for conditional sampling. The generative model samples plausible sequences while the discriminative model guides a search for sequences with…

This paper introduces diffusion protein language model (DPLM), a versatile protein language model that demonstrates strong generative and predictive capabilities for protein sequences. We first pre-train scalable DPLMs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Xinyou Wang , Zaixiang Zheng , Fei Ye , Dongyu Xue , Shujian Huang , Quanquan Gu

The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

We consider the application of deep generative models in propagating uncertainty through complex physical systems. Specifically, we put forth an implicit variational inference formulation that constrains the generative model output to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-11 Yibo Yang , Paris Perdikaris

Key objectives in conditional molecular generation include ensuring chemical validity, aligning generated molecules with target properties, promoting structural diversity, and enabling efficient sampling for discovery. Recent advances in…

The protein folding problem has attracted an increasing attention from physicists. The problem has a flavor of statistical mechanics, but possesses the most common feature of most biological problems -- the profound effects of evolution. I…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Chao Tang

The automated construction of coarse-grained models represents a pivotal component in computer simulation of physical systems and is a key enabler in various analysis and design tasks related to uncertainty quantification. Pertinent methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-11 Constantin Grigo , Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the generation of realistic data by training generative models on large datasets of text, images, and audio. While these models have demonstrated exceptional performance in generating novel and…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-17 Izumi Takahara , Kiyou Shibata , Teruyasu Mizoguchi

Protein sequence generation via stochastic attention produces plausible family members from small alignments without training, but treats all stored sequences equally and cannot direct generation toward a functional subset of interest. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jeffrey D. Varner

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

Coarse-grained (CG) models play a crucial role in the study of protein structures, protein thermodynamic properties, and protein conformation dynamics. Due to the information loss in the coarse-graining process, backmapping from CG to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-30 Yikai Liu , Ming Chen , Guang Lin

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Understanding how proteins structurally interact is crucial to modern biology, with applications in drug discovery and protein design. Recent machine learning methods have formulated protein-small molecule docking as a generative problem…

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful technique for studying microscopic phenomena, but its computational cost has driven significant interest in the development of deep learning-based surrogate models. We introduce generative modeling of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-27 Bowen Jing , Hannes Stärk , Tommi Jaakkola , Bonnie Berger

Designing protein sequences that fold into a target 3-D structure, termed as the inverse folding problem, is central to protein engineering. However, it remains challenging due to the vast sequence space and the importance of local…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Sazan Mahbub , Souvik Kundu , Eric P. Xing

The interaction between proteins and nucleic acids is crucial for processes that sustain cellular function, including DNA maintenance and the regulation of gene expression and translation. Amino acid mutations in protein-nucleic acid…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Somnath Mondal , Tinkal Mondal , Soumajit Pramanik , Rukmankesh Mehra