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The purpose of this little survey is to give a simple description of the main approaches to quantum error correction and quantum fault-tolerance. Our goal is to convey the necessary intuitions both for the problems and their solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe

As an alternative to quantum error correction, quantum error mitigation methods, including Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE), have been proposed to alleviate run-time errors in current noisy quantum devices. In this work, we propose a modified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Wenbo Shi , Neel Kanth Kundu , Matthew R. McKay , Robert Malaney

Using near-term quantum computers to achieve a quantum advantage requires efficient strategies to improve the performance of the noisy quantum devices presently available. We develop and experimentally validate two efficient error…

Dissipative quantum error correction (QEC) autonomously protects quantum information using engineered dissipation and offers a promising alternative to error correction via measurement and feedback. However, scalability remains a challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Ivan Rojkov , Elias Zapusek , Florentin Reiter

Recent thousand-qubit processors represent a significant hardware advancement, but current limitations prevent effective quantum error correction (QEC), necessitating reliance on quantum error mitigation (QEM) to enhance result fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Leanghok Hour , Myeongseong Go , Youngsun Han

Error estimation is an important step for error correction in quantum key distribution. Traditional error estimation methods require sacrificing a part of the sifted key, forcing a trade-off between the accuracy of error estimation and the…

The quantum computing devices of today have tens to hundreds of qubits that are highly susceptible to noise due to unwanted interactions with their environment. The theory of quantum error correction provides a scheme by which the effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam

Error mitigation is essential for the practical implementation of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. This work explores and extends Clifford Data Regression (CDR) to mitigate noise in quantum chemistry…

Noise in quantum hardware is the primary obstacle to realizing the transformative potential of quantum computing. Quantum error mitigation (QEM) offers a promising pathway to enhance computational accuracy on near-term devices, yet existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Zhenyu Chen , Bin Cheng , Minbo Gao , Xiaodie Lin , Ruiqi Zhang , Zhaohui Wei , Zhengfeng Ji

Current quantum computers suffer from a level of noise that prohibits extracting useful results directly from longer computations. The figure of merit in many near-term quantum algorithms is an expectation value measured at the end of the…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices. Particularly, QEM protocols can be designed based on machine learning, where the mapping between noisy computational outputs and ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Ruiqi Zhang , Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhaohui Wei , Zhengwei Liu

Error mitigation is an essential component of achieving a practical quantum advantage in the near term, and a number of different approaches have been proposed. In this work, we recognize that many state-of-the-art error mitigation methods…

Quantum computers are becoming increasingly accessible, and may soon outperform classical computers for useful tasks. However, qubit readout errors remain a significant hurdle to running quantum algorithms on current devices. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Alistair W. R. Smith , Kiran E. Khosla , Chris N. Self , M. S. Kim

Several techniques have been recently introduced to mitigate errors in near-term quantum computers without the overhead required by quantum error correcting codes. While most of the focus has been on gate errors, measurement errors are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Michael R. Geller

Modular quantum computing architectures require error correction schemes that remain effective in the presense of noisy inter-processor operations. We introduce a distributed quantum error correction framework based on approximate codes to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Connor Clayton , Bruno Avritzer

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, emerging classical-quantum hybrid optimization algorithms, such as variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), can leverage the unique characteristics of quantum devices to accelerate computations…

Quantum computers have the potential to outperform classical computers for some complex computational problems. However, current quantum computers (e.g., from IBM and Google) have inherent noise that results in errors in the outputs of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Asmar Muqeet , Shaukat Ali , Tao Yue , Paolo Arcaini

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

The inevitable accumulation of errors in near-future quantum devices represents a key obstacle in delivering practical quantum advantages, motivating the development of various quantum error-mitigation methods. Here, we derive fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-23 Ryuji Takagi , Suguru Endo , Shintaro Minagawa , Mile Gu

Mitigating measurement errors in quantum systems without relying on quantum error correction is of critical importance for the practical development of quantum technology. Deep learning-based quantum measurement error mitigation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 ChangWon Lee , Daniel K. Park
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