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Recent efforts to accelerate inference in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have largely focused on visual token compression. The effectiveness of these methods is commonly evaluated by measuring the accuracy drop on existing MLLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenfei Liao , Wensong Wang , Zichen Wen , Xu Zheng , Yiyu Wang , Haocong He , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Lutao Jiang , Xin Zou , Yuqian Fu , Bin Ren , Linfeng Zhang , Xuming Hu

Code search is essential for code reuse, allowing developers to efficiently locate relevant code snippets. The advent of powerful decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized many code intelligence tasks. However, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yuxuan Chen , Mingwei Liu , Guangsheng Ou , Anji Li , Dekun Dai , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

We study open-world multi-label text classification under extremely weak supervision (XWS), where the user only provides a brief description for classification objectives without any labels or ground-truth label space. Similar single-label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xintong Li , Jinya Jiang , Ria Dharmani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Jingbo Shang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in cross-modal understanding across textual and visual inputs, yet existing benchmarks predominantly focus on pure-text queries. In real-world scenarios, language also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qing'an Liu , Juntong Feng , Yuhao Wang , Xinzhe Han , Yujie Cheng , Yue Zhu , Haiwen Diao , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

Contrastively-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have become the standard approach for learning discriminative vision-language representations. However, these models often exhibit shallow language understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ioanna Ntinou , Alexandros Xenos , Yassine Ouali , Adrian Bulat , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Multimodal Recommender Systems aim to improve recommendation accuracy by integrating heterogeneous content, such as images and textual metadata. While effective, it remains unclear whether their gains stem from true multimodal understanding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Claudio Pomo , Matteo Attimonelli , Danilo Danese , Fedelucio Narducci , Tommaso Di Noia

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLMs) leverages Large Language Models as a cognitive framework for diverse visual-language tasks. Recent efforts have been made to equip MLLMs with visual perceiving and grounding capabilities. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Junwen He , Yifan Wang , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu , Jun-Yan He , Jin-Peng Lan , Bin Luo , Xuansong Xie

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

Visual-Language Models (VLMs) have become a powerful tool for bridging the gap between visual and linguistic understanding. However, the conventional learning approaches for VLMs often suffer from limitations, such as the high resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Dasol Choi , Guijin Son , Soo Yong Kim , Gio Paik , Seunghyeok Hong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Large foundation models, including large language models (LLMs), vision transformers (ViTs), diffusion, and LLM-based multimodal models, are revolutionizing the entire machine learning lifecycle, from training to deployment. However, the…

Large language models (LLMs) famously exhibit emergent in-context learning (ICL) -- the ability to rapidly adapt to new tasks using few-shot examples provided as a prompt, without updating the model's weights. Built on top of LLMs, vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Timothy Hospedales

Utilizing multi-modal data enhances scene understanding by providing complementary semantic and geometric information. Existing methods fuse features or distill knowledge from multiple modalities into a unified representation, improving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jialei Chen , Xu Zheng , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool , Hiroshi Murase , Daisuke Deguchi

The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yasmine Omri , Parth Shroff , Thierry Tambe

Multi-label (ML) classification is an actively researched topic currently, which deals with convoluted and overlapping boundaries that arise due to several labels being active for a particular data instance. We propose a classifier capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Anwesha Law , Ashish Ghosh

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress across a wide range of visual question answering benchmarks, spanning visual reasoning, document understanding, and multimodal dialogue. These improvements are evident in a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dhruba Ghosh , Yuhui Zhang , Ludwig Schmidt

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) classification performance depends critically on evaluation protocol and ground truth quality. Studies comparing MLLMs with supervised and vision-language models report conflicting conclusions, and we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Kisel , Illia Volkov , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

In natural language processing, extreme multi-label text classification is an emerging but essential task. The problem of extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is to recall some of the most relevant labels for a text from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Qing Wang , Jia Zhu , Hongji Shu , Kwame Omono Asamoah , Jianyang Shi , Cong Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate image features from visual encoders with LLMs, demonstrating advanced comprehension capabilities. However, mainstream MLLMs are solely supervised by the next-token prediction of textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yunnan Wang , Fan Lu , Kecheng Zheng , Ziyuan Huang , Ziqiang Li , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Despite significant progress in multimodal language models (LMs), it remains unclear whether visual grounding enhances their understanding of embodied knowledge compared to text-only models. To address this question, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhihui Yang , Yupei Wang , Kaijie Mo , Zhe Zhao , Renfen Hu